1.6-Inch Transparent Micro-Display with Pixel Circuit Integrated microLED Chip Array by Misalignment-Free Transfer.

Recent advances in mass transfer technology are expected to bring next-generation micro light-emitting diodes (µLED) displays into reality, although reliable integration of the active-matrix backplane with the transferred µLEDs remains as a challenge. Here, the µLED display technology is innovated by demonstrating pixel circuit-integrated micro-LEDs (PIMLEDs) and integrating them onto a transparent glass substrate. The PIMLED comprises of low-temperature poly-silicon transistors and GaN µLED.

The Potential Role of Presepsin in Predicting Severe Infection in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

: Diabetic foot ulcers are one of the complications in patients with diabetes, which can be caused by infection, neuropathy, and blood vessel disorder. Among them, infection is the most common cause, and if it becomes worse, amputation may be necessary. So, it is important to detect and treat infections early, and determining indicators that can confirm infection is also important.

Efficacy and safety of acupuncture treatment for fatigue after COVID-19 infection: study protocol for a pilot randomized sham-controlled trial.

Background: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread globally, its sequelae, called Long COVID, have persisted, troubling patients worldwide. Although fatigue is known to be the most frequent among Long COVID symptoms, its mechanism and treatment have not been clearly demonstrated. In 2022, we conducted a preliminary prospective case series and found that acupuncture and moxibustion were feasible interventions for fatigue.

Effect of trifluoroacetic acid on InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots: mimicking the surface trap and their effects on the photophysical properties.

Understanding the precise effects of defects on the photophysical properties of quantum dots (QDs) is essential to their development with near-unity luminescence. Because of the complicated nature of defects in QDs, the origins and detailed roles of the defects still remain rarely understood. In this regard, we used detailed chemical analysis to investigate the effect of surface defects on the optical properties of InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs by introducing shell defects through controlled trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) etching.

Distinctive properties of biological neural networks and recent advances in bottom-up approaches toward a better biologically plausible neural network.

Although it may appear infeasible and impractical, building artificial intelligence (AI) using a bottom-up approach based on the understanding of neuroscience is straightforward. The lack of a generalized governing principle for biological neural networks (BNNs) forces us to address this problem by converting piecemeal information on the diverse features of neurons, synapses, and neural circuits into AI. In this review, we described recent attempts to build a biologically plausible neural network by following neuroscientifically similar strategies of neural network optimization or by implanting the outcome of the optimization, such as the properties of single computational units and the characteristics of the network architecture.

Medial Arterial Calcification and the Risk of Amputation of Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Patients With Diabetic Kidney Disease.

We assessed the risk factors for major amputation of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) stages 3b-5. For DFU assessment, in addition to DFU location and presence of infection, ischemia, and neuropathy, vascular calcification was assessed using the medial arterial calcification (MAC) score. Of 210 patients, 26 (12.

Mechanical Dilation of the Recipient Vessel with the DeBakey Vascular Dilator in Lower Extremity Reconstruction: A Report of Two Cases.

In lower extremity reconstruction, the recipient vessel often requires long-range mechanical dilation because of extensive vasospasm or plaque formation induced by concomitant atherosclerosis. While a forceps dilator can be used to manipulate and dilate vessels approximately 1 cm from their end, a DeBakey vascular dilator can dilate long-range vessels. The authors successfully performed free flap reconstruction of the lower extremity using the DeBakey vascular dilator.

Developmental timing-dependent organization of synaptic connections between mossy fibers and granule cells in the cerebellum.

The long-standing hypothesis that synapses between mossy fibers (MFs) and cerebellar granule cells (GCs) are organized according to the origins of MFs and locations of GC axons, parallel fibers (PFs), is supported by recent findings. However, the mechanisms of such organized synaptic connections remain unknown. Here, using our technique that enabled PF location-dependent labeling of GCs in mice, we confirmed that synaptic connections of GCs with specific MFs originating from the pontine nucleus (PN-MFs) and dorsal column nuclei (DCoN-MFs) were gently but differentially organized according to their PF locations.

Benzethonium chloride as a tungsten corrosion inhibitor in neutral and alkaline media for the post-chemical mechanical planarization application.

The cleaning solution for the post-chemical mechanical planarization (post-CMP) process of tungsten in neutral-alkaline media requires corrosion inhibitors as an additive, especially for advanced devices where the device node size shrinks below 10 nm. In the present study, the corrosion inhibition performance of benzethonium chloride (BTC) is evaluated in neutral-alkaline conditions. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis showed ∼ 90 % of corrosion inhibition efficiency with an optimum concentration of 0.

Breast Reconstruction after Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Treatment: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that occurs in patients with at least one prior textured breast implant. BIA-ALCL has a relatively good prognosis when treated promptly. However, data on the methods and timing of the reconstruction process are lacking.

Implantation and tracing of green fluorescent protein-expressing adipose-derived stem cells in peri-implant capsular fibrosis.

Background: Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been reported to reduce fibrosis in various tissues. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory role of ASCs on capsule formation by analyzing the histologic, cellular, and molecular changes in a mouse model of peri-implant fibrosis. We also investigated the fate and distribution of ASCs in the peri-implant capsule.

Effect of acellular dermal matrix thickness and surface area on direct-to-implant breast reconstruction.

Background: The use of an acellular dermal matrix is advantageous for direct-to-implant breast reconstruction after skin-preserving mastectomy, but is associated with postoperative complications, especially increased seroma. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether acellular dermal matrix surface area and thickness are associated with an increased risk of seroma.

Methods: This retrospective chart review was based on the medical records of patients who underwent submuscular direct-to-implant breast reconstruction from January 2011 to June 2018 by a single surgeon.

Review: An integrated framework for understanding ecological drought and drought resistance.

Droughts are a frequent natural phenomenon that has amplified globally in the 21st century and are projected to become more common and extreme in the future. Consequently, this affects the progress of drought indices and frameworks to categorize drought conditions. Several drought-related indices and variables are required to capture different features of complex drought conditions.

Correction: Woo et al. The Fate of Antibiotic Impregnated Cement Space in Treatment for Forefoot Osteomyelitis. 2022, , 1976.

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The Fate of Antibiotic Impregnated Cement Space in Treatment for Forefoot Osteomyelitis.

Forefoot osteomyelitis can be an extremely challenging problem in orthopedic surgery. Unlike conventional methods, such as amputations, antibiotic impregnated cement space (ACS) was recently introduced and perceived as a substitute for amputation. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical features between diabetic and non-diabetic groups and to evaluate the efficacy of ACS in the treatment of forefoot osteomyelitis, by identifying the clinical characteristics of ACS.

High-Resolution Environmentally Extended Input-Output Model to Assess the Greenhouse Gas Impact of Electronics in South Korea.

South Korea is a global leader in electronics, but little is known about their climate change impact. Here, we estimate the direct and indirect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of Korean electronics by developing a new and high-resolution (∼380 sectors) environmentally extended input-output model, named KREEIO. We find that final demand for Korean electronics led to nearly 8% of national GHG emissions in 2017, mostly because of indirect emissions embodied in the electronics supply chain.

Chemically controlled megasonic cleaning of patterned structures using solutions with dissolved gas and surfactant.

Acoustic cavitation is used for megasonic cleaning in the semiconductor industry, especially of wafers with fragile pattern structures. Control of transient cavitation is necessary to achieve high particle removal efficiency (PRE) and low pattern damage (PD). In this study, the cleaning performance of solutions with different concentrations of dissolved gas (H) and anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) in DIW (DI water) on silicon (Si) wafers was evaluated in terms of PRE and PD.

Raphani Semen ( L.) Ameliorates Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating De Novo Lipogenesis.

In this study, we investigated the pharmacological effect of a water extract of Raphani Semen (RSWE) on alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) using ethanol-induced AFLD mice (the NIAAA model) and palmitic acid (PA)-induced steatosis HepG2 cells. An RSWE supplement improved serum and hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels of AFLD mice, as well as their liver histological structure. To explore the molecular action of RSWE in the improvement of AFLD, we investigated the effect of RSWE on four major pathways for lipid homeostasis in the liver: free fatty acid transport, lipogenesis, lipolysis, and β-oxidation.

Increasing the Energy Gap between Band-Edge and Trap States Slows Down Picosecond Carrier Trapping in Highly Luminescent InP/ZnSe/ZnS Quantum Dots.

Non-toxic InP-based nanocrystals have been developed for promising candidates for commercial optoelectronic applications and they still require further improvement on photophysical properties, compared to Cd-based quantum dots (QDs), for better device efficiency and long-term stability. It is, therefore, essential to understand the precise mechanism of carrier trapping even in the state-of-the-art InP-based QD with near-unity luminescence. Here, it is shown that using time-resolved spectroscopic measurements of systematically size-controlled InP/ZnSe/ZnS core/shell/shell QDs with the quantum yield close to one, carrier trapping decreases with increasing the energy difference between band-edge and trap states, indicating that the process follows the energy gap law, well known in molecular photochemistry for nonradiative internal conversion between two electronic states.

Facile and versatile ligand analysis method of colloidal quantum dot.

Colloidal quantum-dots (QDs) are highly attractive materials for various optoelectronic applications owing to their easy maneuverability, high functionality, wide applicability, and low cost of mass-production. QDs usually consist of two components: the inorganic nano-crystalline particle and organic ligands that passivate the surface of the inorganic particle. The organic component is also critical for tuning electronic properties of QDs as well as solubilizing QDs in various solvents.

Projection-dependent heterogeneity of cerebellar granule cell calcium responses.

Cerebellar granule cells (GCs) relay mossy fiber (MF) inputs to Purkinje cell dendrites via their axons, the parallel fibers (PFs), which are individually located at a given sublayer of the molecular layer (ML). Although a certain degree of heterogeneity among GCs has been recently reported, variability of GC responses to MF inputs has never been associated with their most notable structural variability, location of their projecting PFs in the ML. Here, we utilize an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated labeling technique that enables us to categorize GCs according to the location of their PFs, and compare the Ca responses to MF stimulations between three groups of GCs, consisting of either GCs having PFs at the deep (D-GCs), middle (M-GCs), or superficial (S-GCs) sublayer.

Electric Stimulation Elicits Heterogeneous Responses in ON but Not OFF Retinal Ganglion Cells to Transmit Rich Neural Information.

Retinal implants electrically stimulate surviving retinal neurons to restore vision in people blinded by outer retinal degeneration. Although the healthy retina is known to transmit a vast amount of visual information to the brain, it has not been studied whether prosthetic vision contains a similar amount of information. Here, we assessed the neural information transmitted by population responses arising in brisk transient (BT) and brisk sustained (BS) subtypes of ON and OFF retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the rabbit retina.

Effects of Spatial Scale on Life Cycle Inventory Results.

Efforts to compile life cycle inventory (LCI) data at more geographically refined scales or resolutions are growing. However, it remains poorly understood as to how the choice of spatial scale may affect LCI results. Here, we examine this question using U.

Inputs from Sequentially Developed Parallel Fibers Are Required for Cerebellar Organization.

Neuronal activity is believed to be important for brain development; however, it remains unclear as to how spatiotemporal distributions of synaptic excitation contribute to neural network formation. Bifurcated axons of cerebellar granule cells, parallel fibers (PFs), are made in an orderly inside-out manner during postnatal development. In this study, we induced a blockade of neurotransmitter release from specific bundles of developing PFs and tested the effects of biased PF inputs on cerebellar development.