Attenuated Neurological Impairment by Regulating Programmed Cell Death Pathway in Ischemic Stroke Mice.

Stroke is a major global health problem that causes significant mortality and long-term disability. Post-stroke neurological impairment is a complication that is often underestimated with the risk of persistent neurological deficits. Although traditional Chinese medicines have a long history of being used for stroke, their scientific efficacy remains unclear.

Age-related increase in caveolin-1 expression facilitates cell-to-cell transmission of α-synuclein in neurons.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, with aging being considered the greatest risk factor for developing PD. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is known to participate in the aging process. Recent evidence indicates that prion-like propagation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) released from neurons to neighboring neurons plays an important role in PD progression.

DJ-1 deficiency impairs synaptic vesicle endocytosis and reavailability at nerve terminals.

Mutations in DJ-1 (PARK7) are a known cause of early-onset autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). Accumulating evidence indicates that abnormalities of synaptic vesicle trafficking underlie the pathophysiological mechanism of PD. In the present study, we explored whether DJ-1 is involved in CNS synaptic function.

HD047703, a New Promising Anti-Diabetic Drug Candidate: In Vivo Preclinical Studies.

G-protein coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) has emerged as a novel target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. GPR119 is involved in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from the pancreatic β-cells and intestinal cells. In this study, we identified a novel small-molecule GPR119 agonist, HD047703, which raises intracellular cAMP concentrations in pancreatic β-cells and can be expected to potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from human GPR119 receptor stably expressing cells (CHO cells).

S100A9 knockout decreases the memory impairment and neuropathology in crossbreed mice of Tg2576 and S100A9 knockout mice model.

Our previous study presented evidence that the inflammation-related S100A9 gene is significantly upregulated in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal models and human AD patients. In addition, experiments have shown that knockdown of S100A9 expression improves cognition function in AD model mice (Tg2576), and these animals exhibit reduced amyloid plaque burden. In this study, we established a new transgenic animal model of AD by crossbreeding the Tg2576 mouse with the S100A9 knockout (KO) mouse.

In vivo efficacy of HD0471953: a novel GPR119 agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

G-protein coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) has emerged as a promising new target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The expression of GPR119 on the pancreatic B cells and intestinal L cells provides a unique opportunity for a single drug to promote insulin and GLP-1 secretion. In this study, we identified a novel small molecule GPR119 agonist, HD0471953, from our large library of synthetic compounds based on its ability to anti-hyperglycemic effects on T2DM murine models.

Novel GPR119 agonist HD0471042 attenuated type 2 diabetes mellitus.

In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, the gradual loss of pancreatic β-cell function is a characteristic feature of disease progression that is associated with sustained hyperglycemia. Recently, G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) has been identified as a promising anti-diabetic therapeutic target. It is predominantly expressed in pancreatic β-cells, directly promotes glucose stimulated insulin secretion and indirectly increases glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels reducing appetite and food intake.

Improved conductivity reconstruction from multi-echo MREIT utilizing weighted voxel-specific signal-to-noise ratios.

Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) is a non-invasive method to visualize cross-sectional electrical conductivity and/or current density by measuring a magnetic flux density signal when an electrical current is injected into a subject. In the MREIT system, it is crucial to reduce the scan duration while maintaining spatial resolution and contrast for practical in vivo implementation. The purpose of the study is to optimize the measured magnetic flux density using an interleaved multiple-echo pulse sequence (injected current nonlinear encoding) that acquires each spatial position multiple times, although these pixels vary between echoes in their signal-to-noise ratio due to (a) T*2 decay and (b) the current density passing through the pixel.

S100a9 knockdown decreases the memory impairment and the neuropathology in Tg2576 mice, AD animal model.

Inflammation, insoluble protein deposition and neuronal cell loss are important features in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. To investigate the regulatory genes responsible for the neuropathology in AD, we performed microarray analysis with APP(V717I)-CT100 transgenic mice, an animal model of AD, and isolated the S100a9 gene, which encodes an inflammation-associated calcium binding protein. In another AD animal model, Tg2576 mouse brain, and in human AD brain, induction of S100a9 was confirmed.

Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. in clinically healthy racing horses in Korea.

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance, and has a worldwide distribution. The present study aimed to determine leptospiral seroprevalence in clinically healthy racing horses from all three racecourses in Korea. Serum samples from 1,226 racing horses were examined using a microscopic agglutination test to detect the presence of antibodies against 18 Leptospira serovars.

Phosphorylation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) at Thr668 regulates the nuclear translocation of the APP intracellular domain and induces neurodegeneration.

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) has eight potential phosphorylation sites in its cytoplasmic domain. Recently, it has demonstrated that the constitutive phosphorylation of APP at T668 (APP695 isoform numbering) was observed specifically in the brain. Neuron-specific phosphorylation of APP at T668 is thought to be important for neuronal functions of APP, although its exact physiological significance remains to be clarified.

Expression of constitutive endothelial, neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the testis and epididymis of horse.

The expression of three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were examined in the testis and epididymis of a thoroughbred horse. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated the presence of eNOS immunostaining in some germ cells in the seminiferous tubules and in vascular endothelial cells in the interstitial tissues. Interstitial cells, most likely Leydig cells, were also intensely immunopositive for eNOS.

Histochemical detection of glycoconjugates in the male reproductive system of the horse.

Lectins are glycoproteins of plant and animal origin that have the ability to bind specific carbohydrate residues of cell glycoconjugates, particularly in terminal positions. In this study, the binding of lectins, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), Bandeiraea simplicifolia BS-1 (isolectin B4), Triticum vulgaris (WGA), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Ulex europaeus (UEA-I), was studied in the reproductive systems of male thoroughbred horses.DBA was detected in the stereocilia of the caput and corpus epididymis, and in the vas deferens.