Resource Utilization of Residual Organic Sludge Generated from Bioenergy Facilities Using Larvae.

Residual organic sludge generated from bioenergy facilities (BF-rOS) is often disposed instead of recycled, thus contributing to further environmental pollution. This study explored the resource utilization of BF-rOS using larvae (BSFL). When BF-rOS was fed to BSFL for two weeks, the dry weight per individual BSFL was approximately 15% of that of BSFL that were fed food waste (FW).

Skin Anti-Aging Potential through Whitening and Wrinkle Improvement Using Fermented Oil Derived from Larvae.

As the aging population increases, so has interest among emerging seniors in anti-aging ingredients that enhance functionality by incorporating fermentation with natural materials. In this study, fermentation conditions for enhancing the functionality of larvae oil (HIO) were established, and its anti-aging potential was evaluated. First, the lipase activity and amount of lipid degradation products of the fermentation strains were measured in order to select and as the strains with high fermentation ability.

Development of Optimized Feed for Lipid Gain in (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Larvae.

Super mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenbrionidea) larvae (ZML) are being investigated as potential candidates for biodiesel production. Several studies have revealed that the crude fat content of ZML can be enhanced by increasing the feed consumed. We aimed to develop an optimized ZML feed that enhances the lipid gain using 10 different ingredients.

Prediction of intestinal stem cell regulatory genes from Drosophila gut damage model created using multiple inducers: Differential gene expression-based protein-protein interaction network analysis.

Intestinal tissue functions in innate immunity to prevent the entry of harmful substances, and to maintain homeostasis through the constant proliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISC). To understand the mechanisms which regulate ISC in response to gut damage, we identified 81 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through RNA-seq analysis after oral administration of three intestinal-damaging substances to Drosophila melanogaster. Through protein-protein interaction (PPI) and functional annotation studies, the top 22 DEGs ordered by the number of nodes in the PPI network were analyzed in relation to cell development.

Potential of Antimicrobial Peptide-Overexpressed Larvae Extract as a Natural Preservative for Korean Traditional Sauces.

Here, we aimed to produce a natural food preservative using a crude extract from edible, immunized larvae (iTME), injected with edible bacteria using an edible solvent. Results showed that iTME had concentration-dependent inhibitory activity against food-poisoning bacteria , , and , as well as against harmful fungi , , and . Moreover, iTME showed antimicrobial activity against beneficial microorganisms and , but not .

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity in the Extract of Defatted Fed Organic Waste Feed Containing Fermented Effective Microorganisms.

(black soldier fly) larvae (HIL) are considered useful industrial insects for the production of feed for livestock, eco-friendly fertilizer from organic wastes, and biodiesel. Therefore, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity in the extract of crude-oil-extracted crushed HIL powder prepared from HIL fed organic waste containing fermented effective micro-organisms for biodiesel production. The result showed that antimicrobial activity was not fully induced in HIL fed -containing feed.

Optimization of Feed Components to Improve Growth and Development of Oil Extractor to Produce Biodiesel.

HIL are useful in agriculture because they can be used as feed for livestock or fertilizer and can bioconvert organic wastes, such as food waste and human and animal manure to usable fertilizer. In addition, HIL are being studied as a source of biodiesel because of their high-fat content. However, their use for biodiesel production has not been fully adopted.

Effect of Feed Containing Larvae Immunized by Injection on the Growth and Immunity of Rainbow Trout ().

We investigated the effects of a feed containing larvae injected with bacteria on the growth and immunity of . The feed was prepared by replacing fishmeal in feed with 25 and 50% nonimmunized (HIL25, HIL50) or immunized HIL (ImHIL25, ImHIL50), and its protein:fat:carbohydrate ratio was 45:15:18. ImHIL extracts showed inhibitory activity against fish pathogenic bacteria.

High-throughput analysis of high-molecular weight glutenin subunits in 665 wheat genotypes using an optimized MALDI-TOF-MS method.

Unlabelled: Gluten protein composition determines the rheological characteristics of wheat dough and is influenced by variable alleles with distinct effects on processing properties. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), we determined the high-molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) composition of 665 wheat genotypes employed in breeding programs in South Korea. We identified 22 HMW-GS alleles, including 3 corresponding to the locus, 14 to , and 5 to .

Allomyrina dichotoma larval extract has protective effects against gut permeability of dextran sulfate sodium-fed Drosophila by E-cadherin and armadillo.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Larvae of the rhinoceros beetle (Allomyrina dichotoma) (ADL) are used ethnopharmacologically to treat gut-related disorders in Korea and China since 1596 and are also approved as a safe novel food with high nutritional value.

Aim Of The Study: We investigated the protective effects of ADL extract against leaky gut disease using a Drosophila model and sought to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms.

Materials And Methods: We examined the protective effects of ADL extract (2 mg/mL) against the leaky gut disease using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced leaky gut Drosophila melanogaster model.

Comparison of MALDI-TOF-MS and RP-HPLC as Rapid Screening Methods for Wheat Lines With Altered Gliadin Compositions.

The wheat gliadins are a complex group of flour proteins that can trigger celiac disease and serious food allergies. As a result, mutation breeding and biotechnology approaches are being used to develop new wheat lines with reduced immunogenic potential. Key to these efforts is the development of rapid, high-throughput methods that can be used as a first step in selecting lines with altered gliadin contents.

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of an Extract of -Infected Larvae Produced Using an Automatic Injection System.

In the present study, we developed an automatic mass-injection system (AMIS) to produce an extract of infected larvae (iHIL-E) and then evaluated antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expressions and assessed the antimicrobial activity of iHIL-E against various pathogens and species. AMP gene expressions were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the antimicrobial activities of iHIL-E were estimated using a radial diffusion assay and by determining minimal inhibitory concentrations. Results showed that the antimicrobial activity of HIL extract was effectively enhanced by infection and that the gene expressions of cecropin 3 and defensin 3 (antimicrobial peptides) were up-regulated.

Antimicrobial Activity of an Extract of Larvae Immunized with against Species.

The expressions of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the larvae of the black soldier fly, , were significantly increased by pathogen or stimulant induced innate immunity activation. We immunized fifth instar larvae with five different species, that is, , , , , or , to induce the mass production of AMPs and selected optimal immune inducers. Antimicrobial activities in hemolymph and larvae (HIL) extract were evaluated against three species (, , and ).

In Vitro Protective Effect of Paste and Sauce Extract Made with Larvae on HepG2 Cells Damaged by Ethanol.

We made paste and sauce using protein-rich larvae (PBL) and evaluated their fermentation levels. After pretreatment with the paste and sauce extracts, HepG2 cells were damaged with ethanol (EtOH), and then the effects of the paste and sauce were evaluated. As a result, we confirmed that the PBL paste and sauce extracts reduced the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) content in the medium as compared to soybean () sauce and paste extracts.

Alleviation of Hippocampal Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Allomyrina dichotoma Larvae Extract.

In the brain, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress results in synaptic dysfunction and eventually leads to neurodegeneration. Allomyrina dichotoma larvae are a Chinese ethnomedicine and are widely used in East Asia. In the present study, we investigated the ability of ethanol extract of A.

Publisher Correction: Anderson light localization in biological nanostructures of native silk.

The original PDF version of this Article contained errors in Equations 1 and 2. Both equations omitted all Γ terms. This has been corrected in the PDF version of the Article.

Anderson light localization in biological nanostructures of native silk.

Light in biological media is known as freely diffusing because interference is negligible. Here, we show Anderson light localization in quasi-two-dimensional protein nanostructures produced by silkworms (Bombyx mori). For transmission channels in native silk, the light flux is governed by a few localized modes.

Genome sequence of the Japanese oak silk moth, Antheraea yamamai: the first draft genome in the family Saturniidae.

Background: Antheraea yamamai, also known as the Japanese oak silk moth, is a wild species of silk moth. Silk produced by A. yamamai, referred to as tensan silk, shows different characteristics such as thickness, compressive elasticity, and chemical resistance compared with common silk produced from the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Central Administration of 1-Deoxynojirimycin Attenuates Hypothalamic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Regulates Food Intake and Body Weight in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity.

The -glucosidase inhibitor, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), is widely used for its antiobesity and antidiabetic effects. Researchers have demonstrated that DNJ regulates body weight by increasing adiponectin levels, which affects energy intake and prevents diet-induced obesity. However, the mechanism by which centrally administered DNJ exerts anorexigenic effects has not been studied until now.

Bombyx mori hemocyte extract has anti-inflammatory effects on human phorbol myristate acetate-differentiated THP‑1 cells via TLR4-mediated suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Hemolymph is the circulating fluid of insects and is a key component of their immune system. However, little is known concerning hemocyte identification, development, differentiation and related cellular immune responses. The present study aimed to determine whether a hemocyte extract prepared from Bombyx mori larvae had anti‑inflammatory effects; THP‑1 (a human monocytic leukemia cell line) cells that had been differentiated into macrophage‑like cells by treatment with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) were used.

Tenebrio molitor Larvae Inhibit Adipogenesis through AMPK and MAPKs Signaling in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Despite the increasing interest in insect-based bioactive products, the biological activities of these products are rarely studied adequately. Larvae of , the yellow mealworm, have been eaten as a traditional food and provide many health benefits. Therefore, we hypothesized that larvae might influence adipogenesis and obesity-related disorders.

Microneedle delivery of trivalent influenza vaccine to the skin induces long-term cross-protection.

A painless self-immunization method with effective and broad cross-protection is urgently needed to prevent infections against newly emerging influenza viruses. In this study, we investigated the cross-protection efficacy of trivalent influenza vaccine containing inactivated A/PR/8/34 (H1N1), A/Hong Kong/68 (H3N2) and B/Lee/40 after skin vaccination using microneedle patches coated with this vaccine. Microneedle vaccination of mice in the skin provided 100% protection against lethal challenges with heterologous pandemic strain influenza A/California/04/09, heterogeneous A/Philippines/2/82 and B/Victoria/287 viruses 8 months after boost immunization.

Allomyrina Dichotoma Larvae Regulate Food Intake and Body Weight in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice Through mTOR and Mapk Signaling Pathways.

Recent evidence has suggested that the Korean horn beetle (Allomyrina dichotoma) has anti-hepatofibrotic, anti-neoplastic, and antibiotic effects and is recognized as a traditional medicine. In our previous works, Allomyrina dichotoma larvae (ADL) inhibited differentiation of adipocytes both in vitro and in vivo. However, the anorexigenic and endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress-reducing effects of ADL in obesity has not been examined.

Algae Undaria pinnatifida Protects Hypothalamic Neurons against Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress through Akt/mTOR Signaling.

Increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is known to be one of the causes of hypothalamic neuronal damage, as well as a cause of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Recent evidence has suggested that Undaria pinnatifida (UP), an edible brown algae, has antioxidant activity. However, the neuroprotective effect of UP has yet to be examined.

Molecular Characterization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Oxidoreductin 1 from Bombyx mori.

We isolated a complementary DNA (cDNA) clone encoding endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1 (bERO1, a specific oxidant of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)) from Bombyx mori. This protein has a putative open reading frame (ORF) of 489 amino acids and a predicted size of 57.4 kDa.