Safety Assessment of Camelid-Derived Single-Domain Antibody as Feed Additive for Juvenile Whiteleg Shrimp () Against White Spot Syndrome Virus.

A six-week feeding trial was conducted to assess the safety of single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) derived from camelids against the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) (WSSVvp28 was used as the antigen), focusing on the whole-organism responses and molecular-level changes in juvenile whiteleg shrimp (). Five experimental diets with varying levels of sdAbs were formulated: CON (no sdAb supplementation); SDA (8.20% of sdAbs); SDA (16.

Efficacy of White Spot Syndrome Virus Protein VP28-Expressing as an Oral Vaccine for Shrimp.

The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the causative agent of white spot disease, which kills shrimp within a few days of infection. Although WSSV has a mortality rate of almost 100% and poses a serious threat to the shrimp farming industry, strategies for its prevention and treatment are extremely limited. In this study, we examined the efficacy of VP28, a recombinant WSSV protein expressed in (), as an oral shrimp vaccine.

High-Level Expression of Recombinant VHSV Glycoprotein Using Transformed and Verification of Vaccine Efficacy.

The demand for aquaculture is increasing, but production is declining due to high feed costs and disease outbreaks. Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) is a viral disease that seriously affects seawater and freshwater fish in aquaculture, including the olive flounder (), a major aquaculture fish in Korea. However, very few vaccines are currently available for viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV).

Isolation and Characterization of a Salt Inducible Promoter from PKVL7422.

is a eukaryotic organism that can be used as an industrial host to produce recombinant proteins. In this study, a salt-inducible promoter (SIP) was isolated from the freshwater species PKVL7422 from the screening of genes that were upregulated after salt treatment. Several -acting elements, including stress response elements, were identified in the isolated SIP.

Identification of a Cupin Protein Gene Responsible for Pathogenicity, Phage Susceptibility and LPS Synthesis of Acidovorax citrulli.

Bacteriophages infecting Acidovorax citrulli, the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch, have been proven to be effective for the prevention and control of this disease. However, the occurrence of bacteriophage-resistant bacteria is one of hurdles in phage biocontrol and the understanding of phage resistance in this bacterium is an essential step. In this study, we aim to investigate possible phage resistance of A.

Biocontrol of Soft Rot Caused by with Bacteriophage phiPccP-1 in Kimchi Cabbage.

has recently emerged as a widely infective and destructive pathogen causing soft-rot disease in various vegetables. Bacteriophage phiPccP-1 isolated from Pyeongchang, South Korea, showed lytic activity against Pco14 and two other species. The transmission electron microscopy and genome phylograms revealed that phiPccP-1 belongs to the genus, subfamily of the family.

Antimicrobial Resistance Caused by KPC-2 Encoded by Promiscuous Plasmids of the Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 Strain.

Background: A lineage of Klebsiella pneumoniae that produces carbapenemase-2 (KPC-2), sequence type (ST) 307, emerged in 2017. We analyzed the complete sequences of plasmids from KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) ST307, investigated the antimicrobial resistance conferred by this strain, and confirmed the horizontal interspecies transmission of KPC-carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) characteristics among Enterobacteriaceae.

Species Transferability of Carbapenemase-2 Isolated from a High-Risk Clone of ST410.

Sequence type 410 (ST410) of is an extraintestinal pathogen associated with multi drug resistance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the horizontal propagation pathway of a highrisk clone of ST410 that produces carbapenemase (KPC). blaKPCencoding and isolates were evaluated, and complete sequencing and comparative analysis of blaKPC-encoding plasmids from and , antimicrobial susceptibility tests, polymerase chain reaction, multilocus sequence typing, and conjugal transfer of plasmids were performed.

Transport of Phage in Melon Plants and Inhibition of Progression of Bacterial Fruit Blotch.

Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) is an economically important disease in melons and watermelons for which no effective control method is available. Application of phytobacterium-infecting phage has been evaluated as an alternative means of preventing bacterial diseases in plants. Coating of seeds with bacteriophages infecting , the causal agent of BFB, is effective for controlling the disease, as shown in our previous study.

Transcriptome analysis of gene expression in Chlorella vulgaris under salt stress.

Chlorella vulgaris is an important freshwater alga that is widely used as a food source for humans and animals. High-salinity environments can cause accumulation of lipids and proteins in this species, but the mechanism of this accumulation and the salt response remain unclear. In this work, transcriptome analysis was performed for the C.

A Cobalt Tandem Catalyst Supported on a Compressible Microporous Polymer Monolith.

A compressible microporous polymer monolith (MPM) was prepared by performing the Sonogashira-Hagihara reaction between 1,4-diiodobenzene and 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene in a gel state without stirring. MPM was functionalized via the click reaction with 1,3,5-tris(azidomethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene and 2,6-diethynylpyridine. MPM showed superhydrophobicity but became hydrophilic after the click reaction.

Effect of CXCL12-expressing viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus replicon particles on leukocytes migration and vaccine efficacy in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

Viral replicon particles are single-cycle viruses defective for function(s) needed for viral replication, which allow them to be recognized as a safer form for the vaccination of animals compared to attenuated live viruses. However, deletion of genes that are critical for the induction of protective immunity can diminish the vaccine potential of viral replicon particles. Therefore, the manipulation of viral replicon particles to produce a molecular adjuvant can be a way to increase immunogenicity of vaccines based on viral replicon particles.

High level expression and purification of recombinant flounder growth hormone in .

Recombinant flounder growth hormone was overproduced in by using codon optimized synthetic gene and optimized expression conditions for high level production. The gene was cloned into PET-28a expression vector and transformed into BL21 (DE3). Induction at lower temperature, lower IPTG concentrations and richer growth media during expression resulted in increased expression level.

Quantitative analysis of Alaska pollock in seafood products by droplet digital PCR.

A highly accurate quantitative method, based on the new technique, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), was applied to determine the content of Alaska pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) in seafood products. Using this method, we found a linear relationship among raw sample weight, DNA concentration and DNA copy number. We also established a formula to calculate the raw sample weight, based on the number of DNA copies.

The efficacy of Virkon-S for the control of saprolegniasis in common carp, L.

Background: is a fish pathogen that causes severe economic losses worldwide. Virkon-S is a well-known disinfectant known to exhibit antimicrobial activities against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In this study, we tested the anti-fungal activity of Virkon-S against .

Fusion of flagellin 2 with bivalent white spot syndrome virus vaccine increases survival in freshwater shrimp.

Despite large economic losses attributable to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), an infectious pathogen of penaeid shrimp and other crustaceans worldwide, no efficient vaccines or antiviral agents to control the virus are available at present. Here, we designed and constructed baculovirus-based vaccines delivering genes encoding the WSSV envelope proteins, VP28 and VP19. To enhance the immunogenicity of the baculovirus-based vaccine, we fused a Salmonella typhimurium flagellin 2 (FL2) gene with VP28 or VP19 gene.

Antiviral effects of extracts from Celosia cristata and Raphanus sativus roots against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus.

The antiviral activity of an extract mixture from Celosia cristata and Raphanus sativus was tested against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). Pretreatment of EPC cells with this extract up to 72 h before VHSV infection markedly reduced the virus titer, but it had no effect when added after virus inoculation. In olive flounder that received 5 µg of extract per fish, Mx expression peaked at 48 h after treatment.

Isolation and Characterization of a Bacteriophage Preying an Antifungal Bacterium.

Several species were isolated from rice field soils, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that was the most abundant. A strain named BC1 showed antifungal activity against . Bacteriophages infecting strain BC1 were isolated from the same soil sample.

Preparation of a microporous organic polymer by the thiol-yne addition reaction and formation of Au nanoparticles inside the polymer.

A microporous polymer with sulfide and thiol groups was synthesized using the thiol-yne reaction. Au nanoparticles were prepared by in situ reduction reaction inside the polymer and were found to be well dispersed. The Au-containing polymer showed catalytic activity in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol.