Foliar-Applied Glutathione Mitigates Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress by Modulating Antioxidant-Scavenging, Redox-Regulating, and Hormone-Balancing Systems in .

The antioxidant glutathione (GSH) mitigates adverse physio-metabolic effects and defends against abiotic types of stress, such as cadmium (Cd) stress. However, its function and role in resisting Cd phytotoxicity by leveraging plant antioxidant-scavenging, redox-regulating, and hormone-balancing systems have not been comprehensively and systematically demonstrated in the Cd-hyperaccumulating plant L. cv.

Antibacterial Bicyclic Fatty Acids from a Korean Colonial Tunicate sp.

Five new bicyclic carboxylic acids were obtained by antibacterial activity-guided isolation from a Korean colonial tunicate sp. Their structures were elucidated by the interpretation of NMR, MS and CD spectroscopic data. They all belong to the class of aplidic acids.

Evaluation of oral toxicity and genotoxicity of Achyranthis Radix extract.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The root of Achyranthes bidentata Blume, Achyranthis Radix (AR), is used as a traditional medicine ingredient in East Asia. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-diabetic activities.

Aim Of The Study: In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the oral toxicity and genotoxicity of single-dose and 4-week repeated-doses of AR hot water extract (ARE), under the good laboratory practice principles.

Ascorbate-Mediated Modulation of Cadmium Stress Responses: Reactive Oxygen Species and Redox Status in .

The role of ascorbate (AsA) in antioxidant defense system-associated resistance to cadmium (Cd) in oilseed rape plants has not yet been clearly demonstrated. The present study investigated the critical role of exogenous AsA on the physiological and biochemical responses of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant scavenging defense systems in oilseed rape ( L. cv.

Toxicological effects of urban particulate matter on corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells.

Exposure to urban particulate matter (UPM) is a high-risk factor for various ocular surface diseases, including dry eye syndrome. However, the effects of UPM on corneal and conjunctival epithelium damage have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the toxicological effects of UPM exposure at high concentrations by using in vitro cultures.

New application for assessment of dry eye syndrome induced by particulate matter exposure.

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial condition characterized by insufficient tear lubrication and eye irritation. Air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), are an emerging threat to human health causing DES and other diseases. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of DES induced by PM exposure remain to be fully elucidated.

Polygonum cuspidatum stem extract (PSE) ameliorates dry eye disease by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis.

Purpose: Here, we aimed to determine the effect of Polygonum cuspidatum stem extract (PSE) on exorbital lacrimal gland-excised rat models and hyperosmotic stress-stimulated human conjunctival cells (HCCs).

Methods: Seven week old male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Only the rats in the control group (NOR, n=5) did not undergo surgery.

Topical Application of Extract Attenuates Dry Eye Syndrome Induced by Particulate Matter.

Particulate matter (PM) is a type of air pollutant that poses a risk to human health. In the ocular system, PM causes or aggravates dry eye syndrome (DES) by damaging the corneal and conjunctival epithelia. has been used traditionally as an expectorant, antitussive agent, and tonic in Korea.

Polydatin Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome in Dry Eye Disease by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Inhibiting the NF-κB Pathway.

Polydatin (also named pieceid, (E)-piceid, (E)-polydatin, trans-polydatin, or 3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene-3-b-D-glucoside) is a monocrystalline compound isolated from the root and rhizome of Sieb. et Zucc. (Polygonaceae).

Extract Improves Urban Particulate Matter-Induced Dry Eye Disease.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that severely impairs patients' quality of life. Particulate matter comprises a harmful mixture of particles less than 10 μm in size, which on contact with the eye, causes inflammation in the cornea/conjunctival epithelium, threatening eye health and triggering the onset of DED. is an ingredient of traditional medicine generally used for treating osteoporosis, trauma, and thrombosis in Asian countries.

Apricot Kernel Extract and Amygdalin Inhibit Urban Particulate Matter-Induced Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca.

Exposure to particulate matter is a risk factor for various ocular surface diseases, including keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). In this study, we investigated the protective effects of apricot kernel extract (AKE) and its bioactive compound, amygdalin, on KCS induced by exposure to urban particulate matter (UPM). In the in vivo experiments, eye drops containing 0.

The Protective Effect of (PCE) Aqueous Extract in a Dry Eye Model.

Dry eyes are caused by highly increased osmolarity of tear film, inflammation, and apoptosis of the ocular surface. In this study, we investigated the effect of (PCE) aqueous extract in in vivo and in vitro dry eye models. Dry eye was induced by excision of the lacrimal gland and hyperosmotic media.

Saccharomonopyrones A-C, New α-Pyrones from a Marine Sediment-Derived Bacterium Saccharomonospora sp. CNQ-490.

Intensive study of the organic extract of the marine-derived bacterium sp. CNQ-490 has yielded three new α-pyrones, saccharomonopyrones A-C (-). The chemical structures of these compounds were assigned from the interpretation of 1D, 2D NMR and mass spectrometry data.

Evaluation of sediment capping with activated carbon and nonwoven fabric mat to interrupt nutrient release from lake sediments.

The aim of this study was to assess the potential application of activated carbon (AC) and nonwoven fabric mats (NWFM) for thin-layer capping in remediation of sediments containing high amounts of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Laboratory column incubation experiments were performed to analyze the efficiencies of AC and NWFM for blocking nutrients. Under uncapped conditions, dissolved oxygen (DO) was exhausted within three days but under NWFM/AC capping conditions (with NWFM above the AC capping layer), the presence of DO was prolonged until Day 33.

Monanchosterols A and B, bioactive bicyclo[4.3.1]steroids from a Korean sponge Monanchora sp.

Chemical investigation of a Korean marine sponge, Monanchora sp., led to the isolation of three new steroids (1-3). Compounds 1 and 2, designated as monanchosterols A and B, respectively, represent the first examples of steroids possessing the bicyclo[4.

Anmindenols A and B, inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors from a marine-derived Streptomyces sp.

Anmindenols A (1) and B (2), inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were isolated from a marine-derived bacterium Streptomyces sp. Their chemical structures were elucidated by interpreting various spectroscopic data, including IR, MS, and NMR. Anmindenols A and B are sesquiterpenoids possessing an indene moiety with five- and six-membered rings derived from isoprenyl units.

Phosphoiodyns A and B, unique phosphorus-containing iodinated polyacetylenes from a Korean sponge Placospongia sp.

Two unprecedented phosphorus-containing iodinated polyacetylenes, phosphoiodyns A and B (1-2), were isolated from a Korean marine sponge Placospongia sp. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis. Phosphoiodyn A exhibited potent agonistic activity on human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (hPPARδ) with an EC(50) of 23.

Phorone A and isophorbasone A, sesterterpenoids isolated from the marine sponge Phorbas sp.

A chemical investigation of a Korean marine sponge, Phorbas sp., yielded unprecedented sesterterpenoids phorone A (1) and isophorbasone A (2) along with ansellone B (3) and phorbasone A acetate (4). Their complete structures were elucidated by the combination of spectroscopic data and chemical manipulation.

Discovery, design and synthesis of Y-shaped peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ agonists as potent anti-obesity agents in vivo.

We have discovered and demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo PPARδ-selective activity of novel Y-shaped agonists. These compounds activated hPPARδ with EC(50) values between 1 and 523 nM. Surprisingly, compounds 10a, 11d, 11e and 11f were the most potent and most selective hPPARδ agonists with 10(4)-fold selectivity over the other two subtypes, namely, hPPARα and hPPARγ.