Update on Resection Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Narrative Review.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer, the incidence of which is rising globally. Despite recent advancements in immunotherapeutic and surgical treatment modalities, the prognosis for HCC remains poor. The surgical treatment strategy for HCC comprises a multimodal effort that ranges from ablative therapy and surgical resection to liver transplantation.

Evolution of minimally invasive cholecystectomy: a narrative review.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, being a prevalent abdominal surgical procedure, has transitioned through various innovative stages aimed at reducing the procedure's invasiveness. These stages encompass Single-Incision Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (SILC), Mini Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (MLC), Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES), and Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (RALC). The purpose of this review is to trace the evolution of minimally invasive cholecystectomy techniques, assess their status, and identify emerging trends and challenges in the field.

Biomass-derived multiatom-doped carbon dots for water sensing based on excited state intraparticle proton transfer in organic solvents.

The presence of trace water impurities in organic solvents can significantly influence chemical reactions and product quality; thus, the accurate detection of water content in these solvents is a critical requirement for industrial applications. Accordingly, an eco-friendly, effective, and economical sensor for detecting trace quantities of miscible water in organic solvents is required for industrial applications. In this study, we synthesized biomass-derived multi-atom-doped carbon dots (MACDs) as fluorescent probes and employed them for the detection of trace amounts of water impurities in several water-miscible organic solvents.

Monolithic DNApatite: An Elastic Apatite with Sub-Nanometer Scale Organo-Inorganic Structures.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) exhibits outstanding biocompatibility, bioactivity, osteoconductivity, and natural anti-inflammatory properties. Pure HA, ion-doped HA, and HA-polymer composites are investigated, but critical limitations such as brittleness remain; numerous efforts are being made to address them. Herein, the novel self-crystallization of a polymeric single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) without additional phosphate ions for synthesizing deoxyribonucleic apatite (DNApatite) is presented.

International Variation in Severe Exacerbation Rates in Patients With Severe Asthma.

Background: Exacerbation frequency strongly influences treatment choices in patients with severe asthma.

Research Question: What is the extent of the variability of exacerbation rate across countries and its implications in disease management?

Study Design And Methods: We retrieved data from the International Severe Asthma Registry, an international observational cohort of patients with a clinical diagnosis of severe asthma. We identified patients aged ≥ 18 years who did not initiate any biologics prior to baseline visit.

The Comparison of Clinical Outcomes in Elderly (≥75 Years) and Non-Elderly (<75 Years) Patients with Acute Cholangitis Due to Choledocholithiasis.

: Acute cholangitis may be fatal, particularly in elderly patients. According to the Tokyo Guidelines 2018, those aged ≥75 years are classified as moderate (Grade II) severity. However, it has not been established whether age itself is the deciding factor of poor outcomes.

QRISK3 underestimates the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with COPD.

Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The extent to which the excess CVD risk is captured by risk factors in QRISK, a widely used CVD risk scoring tool, is not well studied.

Methods: We created an incidence cohort of diagnosed COPD patients from the United Kingdom (UK) Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD database (January 1998-July 2018).

Cost-effectiveness of budesonide-formoterol vs inhaled epinephrine in US adults with mild asthma.

Background: The management of mild asthma has lacked an over-the-counter (OTC) option aside from inhaled epinephrine, which is available in the United States. However, inhaled epinephrine use without an inhaled corticosteroid may increase the risk of asthma death.

Objective: To compare the cost-effectiveness of OTC as-needed budesonide-formoterol as a plausible alternative to inhaled epinephrine.

Trends in hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease over 16 years in Canada.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an ambulatory care-sensitive condition, and the rate of hospital admissions for COPD is an indicator of the quality of outpatient care. We sought to determine long-term trends in hospital admissions for COPD in Canada.

Methods: Using a comprehensive national database of hospital admissions in Canada, we identified those with a main discharge diagnosis of COPD for patients aged 40 years and older between 2002 and 2017.

Value-of-Information Analysis for External Validation of Risk Prediction Models.

Background: A previously developed risk prediction model needs to be validated before being used in a new population. The finite size of the validation sample entails that there is uncertainty around model performance. We apply value-of-information (VoI) methodology to quantify the consequence of uncertainty in terms of net benefit (NB).

Closed-Form Solution of the Unit Normal Loss Integral in 2 Dimensions, with Application in Value-of-Information Analysis.

The unit normal loss integral (UNLI) is widely used in decision analysis and risk modeling, including in the computation of various value-of-information metrics, but its closed-form solution is only applicable to comparisons of 2 strategies.We derive a closed-form solution for 2-dimensional UNLI, extending the applicability of the UNLI to 3-strategy comparisons.Such closed-form computation takes only a fraction of a second and is free from simulation errors that affect the hitherto available methods.

Individualised risk prediction model for exacerbations in patients with severe asthma: protocol for a multicentre real-world risk modelling study.

Introduction: Severe asthma is associated with a disproportionally high disease burden, including the risk of severe exacerbations. Accurate prediction of the risk of severe exacerbations may enable clinicians to tailor treatment plans to an individual patient. This study aims to develop and validate a novel risk prediction model for severe exacerbations in patients with severe asthma, and to examine the potential clinical utility of this tool.

Ultrasensitive detection of ineradicable and harmful antibiotic chloramphenicol residue in soil, water, and food samples.

Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a harmful antibiotic that inevitably enters our food chain through natural or manmade means. Its ineradicable residue pollutes soils and water, accumulates in plants and animal products, and eventually affects human health. An ultrasensitive method for detecting and monitoring CAP is therefore urgently required.

Effect of Rowachol on the Gallbladder Dysmotility Disorder Based on Gallbladder Ejection Fraction.

: Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred treatment method in patients who experience typical biliary pain with or without gallstones, medical treatment has not been extensively studied. Rowachol is a potent choleretic agent, comprising six cyclic monoterpenes. This study aimed to investigate the clinical improvement and changes in gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF) by Rowachol treatment in patients with typical biliary pain.

Effect of age on the prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Background/aims: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a subgroup of cholangiocarcinoma and is the second- most-common primary hepatic tumor. Several predictive and prognostic factors have been analyzed; however, in this study we focused on the influence of age. Our aim was to use real-world results to determine the influence of age in iCCA patients.

Safety of performing distal pancreatosplenectomy in patients who underwent distal gastrectomy previously: a multicenter cohort analysis with systematic literature review.

Purpose: In patients who have previously undergone subtotal gastrectomy (STG), the remnant stomach is supplied with arterial blood through the splenic artery. It is currently unclear whether the remnant stomach can be safely preserved when performing distal pancreatosplenectomy (DPS) in these patients. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of performing DPS in patients who had undergone a previous STG.

ACCEPT 2·0: Recalibrating and externally validating the Acute COPD exacerbation prediction tool (ACCEPT).

Background: The Acute Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exacerbation Prediction Tool (ACCEPT) was developed for individualised prediction of COPD exacerbations. ACCEPT was well calibrated overall and had a high discriminatory power, but overestimated risk among individuals without recent exacerbations. The objectives of this study were to 1) fine-tune ACCEPT to make better predictions for individuals with a negative exacerbation history, 2) develop more parsimonious models, and 3) externally validate the models in a new dataset.

16-year trends in asthma hospital admissions in Canada.

Background: Asthma hospitalizations declined rapidly in many parts of the world, including Canada, in the 1990s and early 2000s.

Objective: To examine whether the declining trend of asthma hospitalizations persisted in recent years in Canada.

Methods: Using the Canadian comprehensive nationwide hospitalization data (2002-2017), we identified hospital admissions with the main International Classification of Diseases codes for asthma.

Lanthanum tin oxide-modified sensor electrode for the rapid detection of environmentally hazardous insecticide carbaryl in soil, water, and vegetable samples.

The growing population and global food demands have encouraged the use of pesticides to increase agricultural yields; however, the irrational use of pesticides threatens human health and the environment. Carbaryl (CRBL) is the most widespread insecticide and severely affects soil, water systems, and human health. Thus, it is crucial to monitor CRBL residues in the environment and vegetable samples.

Effect of the NiTeO phase in a NiTeO/expanded graphite composite on the electrochemical monitoring of metribuzin residue in soil and water samples.

Growing food demand and climate change have led to the development of various pest control agents to increase crop yields. Although pesticides help meet the food demand, they cause harm to human health and the environment. Metribuzin (MTBZ) is one of the common herbicides used for controlling weeds.