Apoptosis of septal cartilage after bilateral spreader grafts in rhinoplasty.

Objective: There are few studies on the ischemic necrosis and apoptosis of septal cartilage after using bilateral spreader grafts in rhinoplasty. We attempted to evaluate structural changes to the septal cartilage after using the bilateral spreader graft and herein propose possible involved mechanisms observed by histopathologic examination, the apoptosis index using the TUNEL assay, and ultrastructural examination using an electron microscope.

Methods: Septal cartilage between bilateral spreader grafts (group A, n  =  12), cartilage beside unilateral spreader grafts (group B, n  =  12), and normal septal cartilage (group C, n  =  12) were obtained from 36 patients who had revision rhinoplasty because of minor cosmetic dissatisfaction.

A comparison of the effects of botulinum toxin A and steroid injection on nasal allergy.

Objectives: To compare the effects of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) with intranasal steroid injections on nasal symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR).

Study Design: A randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded clinical trial (patients were blinded).

Material And Methods: Thirty-nine patients were included in the study.

Evaluation of acoustic rhinometry in a nasal provocation test with allergic rhinitis.

Objective: The nasal provocation test is not widely available due to lack of standardized methods and related research. We evaluated the clinical utility of the nasal provocation test using acoustic rhinometry.

Study Design: All patients underwent skin tests and were graded according to severity of reaction.

The value of local botulinum toxin A injection in the treatment of the pain of aphthous ulcer.

To determine the effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A to reduce pain of recurrent aphthous ulcer, a single blinded placebo controlled trial of botulinum toxin A injection was performed. A total of 70 patients were enrolled and randomly received a botulinum toxin type A 1 unit or placebo. The patients were asked to note the level of pain on the visual analogue scale for 6 days.

The effects of one botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection after UPPP.

Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) can be used in various medical fields for more than simply cosmetic purposes, especially in pain control. Unlabelled uses of BTX-A for reducing pain include migraines, chronic anal fissures, chronic non-specific muscular pain syndrome, and temporomandibular joint arthritis. However, there are no reports of using BTX-A in postoperative situation.

Analysis of the nasal bone and nasal pyramid by three-dimensional computed tomography.

Evaluation of the nasal bone and nasal pyramid is essential for the correct osteotomy. The shape of the nasal bone and nasal pyramid of Korean subjects were analyzed using a three-dimensional computed tomography (CT). This study includes 75 patients who visited Inha University Hospital and got a three-dimensional CT from October 2005 to June 2006 (58 males, 17 females, mean age of 33.

Basic residues of the helix six domain of influenza virus M1 involved in nuclear translocation of M1 can be replaced by PTAP and YPDL late assembly domain motifs.

Influenza type A virus matrix (M1) protein possesses multiple functional motifs in the helix 6 (H6) domain (amino acids 91 to 105), including nuclear localization signal (NLS) (101-RKLKR-105) involved in translocating M1 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. To determine the role of the NLS motif in the influenza virus life cycle, we mutated these and the neighboring sequences by site-directed mutagenesis, and influenza virus mutants were generated by reverse genetics. Our results show that infectious viruses were rescued by reverse genetics from all single alanine mutations of amino acids in the H6 domain and the neighboring region except in three positions (K104A and R105A within the NLS motif and E106A in loop 6 outside the NLS motif).