The gate injection-based field-effect synapse transistor with linear conductance update for online training.

Neuromorphic computing, an alternative for von Neumann architecture, requires synapse devices where the data can be stored and computed in the same place. The three-terminal synapse device is attractive for neuromorphic computing due to its high stability and controllability. However, high nonlinearity on weight update, low dynamic range, and incompatibility with conventional CMOS systems have been reported as obstacles for large-scale crossbar arrays.

Aquilanols A and B, Macrocyclic Humulene-Type Sesquiterpenoids from the Agarwood of Aquilaria malaccensis.

Four new and five known sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the agarwood of Aquilaria malaccensis. Aquilanols A and B (1 and 2) have an unprecedented macrocyclic humulene structure with a bicyclic 7/10 ring system. Compound 2 was obtained as a scalemic mixture that was resolved by HPLC analysis using a chiral column.

Lossy waveguide design considering polarization dependency to reduce back reflection in 2 × 1 MMI combiners.

We propose a novel structure that includes two compact, simply structured, and lossy waveguides for reducing back reflection in MMI combiners. The preferred lossy waveguide consists of a bend section and a tapered section. Theoretical calculations and 2D FDTD analysis were used to confirm the properties of our proposed structure.

Processed Vietnamese ginseng: Preliminary results in chemistry and biological activity.

Background: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the steaming process on chemical constituents, free radical scavenging activity, and antiproliferative effect of Vietnamese ginseng.

Methods: Samples of powdered Vietnamese ginseng were steamed at 120°C for various times and their extracts were subjected to chemical and biological studies.

Results: Upon steaming, contents of polar ginsenosides, such as Rb1, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1, were rapidly decreased, whereas less polar ginsenosides such as Rg3, Rg5, Rk1, Rk3, and Rh4 were increased as reported previously.

A formulated red ginseng extract upregulates CHOP and increases TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anticancer agent because its cytotoxicity is selective for tumor cells. Despite promising outcomes in clinical trials using this ligand, sustained clinical responses have been impeded because cancer cells acquire resistance to TRAIL-based therapies. Ginseng, a well-known food product consumed globally, has been reported to reduce fatigue and possess antioxidant and antitumor activities.