Massively Parallel Screening of Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor (TIR)-Derived Peptides Reveals Multiple Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)-Targeting Immunomodulatory Peptides.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical regulators of the immune system, and altered TLR responses lead to a variety of inflammatory diseases. Interference of intracellular TLR signaling, which is mediated by multiple Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains on all TLRs and TLR adapters, is an effective therapeutic strategy against immune dysregulation. Peptides that inhibit TIR-TIR interactions by fragmenting interface residues have potential as therapeutic decoys.

Neolignans and Diarylnonanoid Derivatives with Anti-inflammatory Activity from Houtt. Seeds.

Houtt. is rich in lignans, neolignans, and diarylnonanoids, with well-documented anti-inflammatory properties. However, there is limited research on the conjugated forms of diarylnonanoids, neolignans, monoterpenes, and others and their anti-inflammatory effects.

Molecular incompatibility between pig CD200 and human CD200 receptor in in vitro xenogeneic immune responses.

Overexpression of human CD200 (hCD200) in porcine endothelial cells (PECs) has been reported to suppress xenogeneic immune responses of human macrophages against porcine endothelial cells. The current study aimed to address whether the above-mentioned beneficial effect of hCD200 is mediated by overcoming the molecular incompatibility between porcine CD200 (pCD200) and hCD200 receptor or simply by increasing the expression levels of CD200 without any molecular incompatibility across the two species. We overexpressed hCD200 or pCD200 using lentiviral vectors with V5 marker in porcine endothelial cells and compared their suppressive activity against U937-derived human macrophage-like cells (hMCs) and primary macrophages.

Interleukin-2/anti-interleukin-2 immune complex attenuates cold ischemia-reperfusion injury after kidney transplantation by increasing renal regulatory T cells.

Background: Cold ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an unavoidable complication of kidney transplantation. We investigated the role of regulatory T cells (Treg) in cold IRI and whether the interleukin (IL)-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complex (IL-2C) can ameliorate cold IRI.

Methods: We developed a cold IRI mouse model using kidney transplantation and analyzed the IL-2C impact on cold IRI in acute, subacute and chronic phases.

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc. extract reduces the severity of endotoxin-induced uveitis.

Background: Uveitis is an inflammatory eye condition that threatens vision, and effective anti-inflammatory treatments with minimal side effects are necessary to treat uveitis.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc. against endotoxin-induced uveitis in rat and mouse models.

Gene Signatures and Associated Transcription Factors of Allergic Rhinitis: Expression Is Associated with Immune Response.

This study is aimed at investigating the potential molecular features of allergic rhinitis (AR) and identifying gene signatures and related transcription factors using transcriptome analysis and in silico datasets. Transcriptome profiles were obtained using three independent cohorts (GSE101720, GSE19190, and GSE46171) comprising healthy controls (HC) and patients with AR. The pooled dataset ( = 82) was used to identify the critical signatures of AR compared with HC.

Antiallergic Effects of N,N-dicoumaroylspermidine Isolated from on Mast Cells and Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis.

In East Asia, the dried root of has been utilized as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, detoxifying, and anti-inflammatory agent. Recently, we reported that protects against allergic rhinitis; however, the component within that exerts antiallergic activity remains unknown. The purpose of the current study was to isolate and characterize the antiallergic active components in an ethanolic extract of roots.

Roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon promotes retinal cell survival in optic nerve crush-induced retinal degeneration.

Lithospermum erythrorhizon (L. erythrorhizon), used in traditional medicine, is a potent wound healing, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant plant. However, the effects of L.

A standardized extract of Rhynchosia volubilis Lour. exerts a protective effect on benzalkonium chloride-induced mouse dry eye model.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: In contrast to other leguminous plants generally used as food, Rhynchosia volubilis Loureiro, a small soybean with a black seed coat, has been used as a traditional oriental remedy for various human diseases in Eastern Asia. In this study, we demonstrated the protective effect of R. volubilis against dry eye disease.