A novel 11β-HSD1 inhibitor ameliorates liver fibrosis by inhibiting the notch signaling pathway and increasing NK cell population.

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) regulates hepatic glucose output and is implicated in liver fibrosis. We aimed to investigate the anti-fibrotic effect of a novel 11β-HSD1 inhibitor in a thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis mouse model. Mice were administered TAA for 19 weeks and treated with 11β-HSD1 inhibitor for the last 9 weeks.

Advanced Bearing-Fault Diagnosis and Classification Using Mel-Scalograms and FOX-Optimized ANN.

Accurate and reliable bearing-fault diagnosis is important for ensuring the efficiency and safety of industrial machinery. This paper presents a novel method for bearing-fault diagnosis using Mel-transformed scalograms obtained from vibrational signals (VS). The signals are windowed and pass through a Mel filter bank, converting them into a Mel spectrum.

Amplifying mutational profiling of extracellular vesicle mRNA with SCOPE.

Sequencing of messenger RNA (mRNA) found in extracellular vesicles (EVs) in liquid biopsies can provide clinical information such as somatic mutations, resistance profiles and tumor recurrence. Despite this, EV mRNA remains underused due to its low abundance in liquid biopsies, and large sample volumes or specialized techniques for analysis are required. Here we introduce Self-amplified and CRISPR-aided Operation to Profile EVs (SCOPE), a platform for EV mRNA detection.

Disposable electrochemical sensors based on reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline/poly(alizarin red S)-modified integrated carbon electrodes for the detection of ciprofloxacin in milk.

An electrochemical sensor based on an electroactive nanocomposite was designed for the first time consisting of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO), polyaniline (PANI), and poly(alizarin red S) (PARS) for ciprofloxacin (CIPF) detection. The ERGO/PANI/PARS-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was constructed through a three-step electrochemical protocol and characterized using FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy, FESEM, CV, LSV, and EIS. The new electrochemical CIPF sensor demonstrated a low detection limit of 0.

Overcoming the age-dependent SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response through hybrid immunity: analysis of humoral and cellular immunity with mass cytometry profiling.

Background: Age-dependent immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations and breakthrough infections (BIs) in young and middle-aged individuals are unclear.

Methods: This nationwide multicenter prospective cohort study analyzed immune responses in participants of the ChAdOx1 (ChAd)-ChAd-mRNA vaccine group using cytometry by time-of-flight, anti-spike protein antibody (Sab) and anti-nucleocapsid antibody (Nab) titers, plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays at various time points.

Results: We evaluated 347 participants with an average age of 38.

The impact of G-CSF on mouse immune cells in alcoholic liver disease, focusing on variations in T cells and their subsets.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) significantly affects immune cell function and leads to immunological dysregulation. This study explored the potential of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mitigate the negative effects of alcohol on immune cells in a mouse model of ALD. To investigate the capacity of G-CSF, ALD was induced using a 17-day alcohol-enriched diet, followed by a single G-CSF dose prior to sampling.

Phenotypic Landscape of Immune Cells in Sepsis: Insights from High-Dimensional Mass Cytometry.

Understanding the sepsis-induced immunological response can be facilitated by identifying phenotypic changes in immune cells at the single-cell level. Mass cytometry, a novel multiparametric single-cell analysis technique, offers considerable benefits in characterizing sepsis-induced phenotypic changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Here, we analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 20 sepsis patients and 10 healthy donors using mass cytometry and employing 23 markers.

Ethanol Extract Ameliorates Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury by Affecting Metabolic Pathways.

is a microalga with a nutritionally favorable polyunsaturated fatty acid profile. In the present study, ethanol extract (MNE) was administered to chronic-binge alcohol-fed mice and alcohol-treated HepG2 cells, and its hepatoprotective effects and underlying mechanisms were investigated. MNE administration reduced triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO), and liver injury markers, including aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), in the serum of chronic-binge alcohol-fed mice.

Association between heat and hospital admissions in people with disabilities in South Korea: a nationwide, case-crossover study.

Background: Despite extensive findings on the hazardous impacts of environmental heat exposure, little is known about the effect on people with disabilities. This study aimed to estimate the association between environmental heat exposure and emergency department admissions for people with disabilities compared with people without disabilities.

Methods: In this nationwide, case-crossover study, we linked data on emergency department admissions (cases) for any cause in the warm season in South Korea from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS)-National Sample Cohort database (a nationally representative database of 1 million systematically sampled beneficiaries covering all ages) from Jan 1, 2002, to Dec 31, 2019, and short-term daily mean temperature exposure (measured via Google Earth Engine at a 9 km spatial grid, aggregated to district).

Automated machine learning in nanotoxicity assessment: A comparative study of predictive model performance.

Computational modeling has earned significant interest as an alternative to animal testing of toxicity assessment. However, the process of selecting an appropriate algorithm and fine-tuning hyperparameters for the developing of optimized models takes considerable time, expertise, and an intensive search. The recent emergence of automated machine learning (autoML) approaches, available as user-friendly platforms, has proven beneficial for individuals with limited knowledge in ML-based predictive model development.

CyGate Provides a Robust Solution for Automatic Gating of Single Cell Cytometry Data.

To gain a better understanding of the complex human immune system, it is necessary to measure and interpret numerous cellular protein expressions at the single cell level. Mass cytometry is a relatively new technology that offers unprecedented information about the protein expression of a single cell. Conversely, the analysis of high-dimensional and multiparametric mass cytometric data sets presents a new computational challenge.

Effects of Immune Cell Heterogeneity and Protein Corona on the Cellular Association and Cytotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles: A Single-Cell-Based, High-Dimensional Mass Cytometry Study.

Understanding how nanoparticles (NPs) interact with biological systems is important in many biomedical research areas. However, the heterogeneous nature of biological systems, including the existence of numerous cell types and multitudes of key environmental factors, makes these interactions extremely challenging to investigate precisely. Here, using a single-cell-based, high-dimensional mass cytometry approach, we demonstrated that the presence of protein corona has significant influences on the cellular associations and cytotoxicity of gold NPs for human immune cells, and those effects vary significantly with the types of immune cells and their subsets.

A comprehensive and systemic review of ginseng-based nanomaterials: Synthesis, targeted delivery, and biomedical applications.

Among 17 Panax species identified across the world, Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng), Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng), and Panax notoginseng (Chinese ginseng) are highly recognized for the presence of bioactive compound, ginsenosides and their pharmacological effects. P. ginseng is widely used for synthesis of different types of nanoparticles compared to P.

Heterosynaptic MoS Memtransistors Emulating Biological Neuromodulation for Energy-Efficient Neuromorphic Electronics.

Heterosynaptic neuromodulation is a key enabler for energy-efficient and high-level biological neural processing. However, such manifold synaptic modulation cannot be emulated using conventional memristors and synaptic transistors. Thus, reported herein is a three-terminal heterosynaptic memtransistor using an intentional-defect-generated molybdenum disulfide channel.

Comparison of failure rates and functional outcomes between hamstring autografts and hybrid grafts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The viability of augmenting small-diameter hamstring autografts with allografts remains unclear. Recent studies have reported different clinical results after allograft augmentation. Hence, we sought to determine whether hamstring autografts and hybrid grafts differed in terms of failure rates and functional outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Classification Framework of the Bearing Faults of an Induction Motor Using Wavelet Scattering Transform-Based Features.

In the machine learning and data science pipelines, feature extraction is considered the most crucial component according to researchers, where generating a discriminative feature matrix is the utmost challenging task to achieve high classification accuracy. Generally, the classical feature extraction techniques are sensitive to the noisy component of the signal and need more time for training. To deal with these issues, a comparatively new feature extraction technique, referred to as a wavelet scattering transform (WST) is utilized, and incorporated with ML classifiers to design a framework for bearing fault classification in this paper.

Upconversion Nanomaterials in Bioimaging and Biosensor Applications and Their Biological Response.

In recent decades, upconversion nanomaterials (UCNMs) have attracted considerable research interest because of their unique optical properties, such as large anti-Stokes shifts, sharp emissions, non-photobleaching, and long lifetime. These unique properties make them ideal candidates for unified applications in biomedical fields, including drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, and photodynamic therapy for specific cancers. This review describes the general mechanisms of upconversion, synthesis methods, and potential applications in biology and their biological responses.

A Bearing Fault Classification Framework Based on Image Encoding Techniques and a Convolutional Neural Network under Different Operating Conditions.

Diagnostics of mechanical problems in manufacturing systems are essential to maintaining safety and minimizing expenditures. In this study, an intelligent fault classification model that combines a signal-to-image encoding technique and a convolution neural network (CNN) with the motor-current signal is proposed to classify bearing faults. In the beginning, we split the dataset into four parts, considering the operating conditions.

Nanoemulsion and Encapsulation Strategy of Hydrophobic Oregano Essential Oil Increased Human Prostate Cancer Cell Death via Apoptosis by Attenuating Lipid Metabolism.

essential oil (EO) is traditionally well-known for its aromatic properties and biomedical applications, including anticancer. This was the first report where oregano essential oil-based nano emulsion (OENE) was synthesized for studying its effects on prostate cancer cell lines (PC3). At first, we have synthesized OENE and characterized using various spectroscopic analyses.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Canine Adipose Tissue Ameliorates Inflammation, Skin Barrier Function and Pruritus by Reducing JAK/STAT Signaling in Atopic Dermatitis.

Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder resulting from imbalance between T lymphocytes. Current canine AD treatments use immunomodulatory drugs, but some of the dogs have limitations that do not respond to standard treatment, or relapse after a period of time. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells derived from canine adipose tissue (cASCs) and cASCs-derived extracellular vesicles (cASC-EVs) on AD.

Developing random forest based QSAR models for predicting the mixture toxicity of TiO based nano-mixtures to Daphnia magna.

During emission, TiO nanoparticles (NPs) might meet various chemicals, including metal ions and organic compounds in aquatic environments (e.g., surface water, sediments).

Mass Cytometry Study on Hepatic Fibrosis and Its Drug-Induced Recovery Using Mouse Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.

The number of patients with liver diseases has increased significantly with the progress of global industrialization. Hepatic fibrosis, one of the most common liver diseases diagnosed in many developed countries, occurs in response to chronic liver injury and is primarily driven by the development of inflammation. Earlier immunological studies have been focused on the importance of the innate immune response in the pathophysiology of steatohepatitis and fibrosis, but recently, it has also been reported that adaptive immunity, particularly B cells, plays an essential role in hepatic inflammation and fibrosis.

Automation and Standardization-A Coupled Approach towards Reproducible Sample Preparation Protocols for Nanomaterial Analysis.

Whereas the characterization of nanomaterials using different analytical techniques is often highly automated and standardized, the sample preparation that precedes it causes a bottleneck in nanomaterial analysis as it is performed manually. Usually, this pretreatment depends on the skills and experience of the analysts. Furthermore, adequate reporting of the sample preparation is often missing.