Microbial electrosynthesis technology for CO mitigation, biomethane production, and ex-situ biogas upgrading.

Currently, global annual CO emissions from fossil fuel consumption are extremely high, surpassing tens of billions of tons, yet our capacity to capture and utilize CO remains below a small fraction of the amount generated. Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) systems, an integration of microbial metabolism with electrochemistry, have emerged as a highly efficient and promising bio-based carbon-capture-and-utilization technology over other conventional techniques. MES is a unique technology for lowering the atmospheric CO as well as CO in the biogas, and also simultaneously convert them to renewable bioenergy, such as biomethane.

Volume loss during muscle reinnervation surgery is correlated with reduced CMAP amplitude but not reduced force output in a rat hindlimb model.

Muscle reinnervation (MR) surgery offers rehabilitative benefits to amputees by taking severely damaged nerves and providing them with new denervated muscle targets (DMTs). However, the influence of physical changes to muscle tissue during MR surgery on long-term functional outcomes remains understudied. Our rat hindlimb model of MR surgery utilizes vascularized, directly neurotized DMTs made from the lateral gastrocnemius (LG), which we employed to assess the impact of muscle tissue size on reinnervation outcomes, specifically pairing the DMT with the transected peroneal nerve.

Ensemble machine learning approach for examining critical process parameters and scale-up opportunities of microbial electrochemical systems for hydrogen peroxide production.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) production in microbial electrochemical systems (MESs) is an attractive option for enabling a circular economy in the water/wastewater sector. Here, a machine learning algorithm was developed, using a meta-learning approach, to predict the HO production rates in MES based on the seven input variables, including various design and operating parameters. The developed models were trained and cross-validated using the experimental data collected from 25 published reports.

Autonomic Nerve Involvement in Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Syndrome (PASC).

The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus and resulting COVID-19 global pandemic emerged in 2019 and continues into 2022. While mortality from COVID-19 is slowly declining, a subset of patients have developed chronic, debilitating symptoms following complete recovery from acute infection with COVID-19. Termed as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 syndrome (PASC), the underlying pathophysiology of PASC is still not well understood.

Plasma activated medium prepared by a bipolar microsecond-pulsed atmospheric pressure plasma jet array induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells.

Plasma activated medium (PAM) was prepared by a bipolar microsecond-pulsed atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) array source and was utilized for cancer cell treatment. APPJ array-produced plasma were characterized. APPJ array treatment of three different solutions (deionized water (DW), HBSS (serum-free Hanks' balanced salt solution), and DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium) + 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum)) were performed to induce the changes in the concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) as functions of the operating parameters.

Exploration of machine learning algorithms for predicting the changes in abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in anaerobic digestion.

The land application of digestate from anaerobic digestion (AD) is considered a significant route for transmitting antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) to ecosystems. To date, efforts towards understanding complex non-linear interactions between AD operating parameters with ARG/MGE abundances rely on experimental investigations due to a lack of mechanistic models. Herein, three different machine learning (ML) algorithms, Random Forest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), were compared for their predictive capacities in simulating ARG/MGE abundance changes during AD.

Enhancing quorum sensing in biofilm anode to improve biosensing of naphthenic acids.

The feasibility of enhancing quorum sensing (QS) in anode biofilm to improve the quantifications of commercial naphthenic acid concentrations (9.4-94 mg/L) in a microbial electrochemical cell (MXC) based biosensor was demonstrated in this study. First, three calibration methods were systematically compared, and the charging-discharging operation was selected for further experiments due to its 71-227 folds higher electrical signal outputs than the continuous closed-circuit operation and cyclic voltammetry modes.

A critical review of process parameters influencing the fate of antibiotic resistance genes in the anaerobic digestion of organic waste.

The overuse and inappropriate disposal of antibiotics raised severe public health risks worldwide. Specifically, the incomplete antibiotics metabolism in human and animal bodies contributes to the significant release of antibiotics into the natural ecosystems and the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria carrying antibiotic-resistant genes. Moreover, the organic feedstocks used for anaerobic digestion are often highly-rich in residual antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant genes.

Plasma-activated medium induces ferroptosis by depleting FSP1 in human lung cancer cells.

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) has received considerable scientific attentions as a new type of anticancer. In particular, an indirect treatment method of inducing cancer cell death through plasma-activated medium (PAM), rather than direct plasma treatment has been well established. Although various cell death pathways such as apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy have been suggested to be involved in PAM-induced cell death, the involvement of ferroptosis, another type of cell death regulated by lipid ROS is largely unknown.

Paper-based platforms for microbial electrochemical cell-based biosensors: A review.

The development of low-cost analytical devices for on-site water quality monitoring is a critical need, especially for developing countries and remote communities in developed countries with limited resources. Microbial electrochemical cell-based (MXC) biosensors have been quite promising for quantitative and semi-quantitative (often qualitative) measurements of various water quality parameters due to their low cost and simplicity compared to traditional analytical methods. However, conventional MXC biosensors often encounter challenges, such as the slow establishment of biofilms, low sensitivity, and poor recoverability, making them unable to be applied for practical cases.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): Priorities for POTS care and research from a 2019 National Institutes of Health Expert Consensus Meeting - Part 2.

The National Institutes of Health hosted a workshop in 2019 to build consensus around the current state of understanding of the pathophysiology of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and to identify knowledge gaps that must be addressed to enhance clinical care of POTS patients through research. This second (of two) articles summarizes current knowledge gaps, and outlines the clinical and research priorities for POTS. POTS is a complex, multi-system, chronic disorder of the autonomic nervous system characterized by orthostatic intolerance and orthostatic tachycardia without hypotension.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): State of the science and clinical care from a 2019 National Institutes of Health Expert Consensus Meeting - Part 1.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a chronic and often disabling disorder characterized by orthostatic intolerance with excessive heart rate increase without hypotension during upright posture. Patients often experience a constellation of other typical symptoms including fatigue, exercise intolerance and gastrointestinal distress. A typical patient with POTS is a female of child-bearing age, who often first displays symptoms in adolescence.

Anticancer Effects of Plasma-Activated Medium Produced by a Microwave-Excited Atmospheric Pressure Argon Plasma Jet.

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been reported to have strong anticancer effects and . CAP has been known to induce apoptosis in most cancer cells by treatment to cells using direct and indirect treatment methods. There are many reports of apoptosis pathways induced by CAP, but for indirect treatment, there is still a lack of fundamental research on how CAP can cause apoptosis in cancer cells.

Microbial electrochemical systems for hydrogen peroxide synthesis: Critical review of process optimization, prospective environmental applications, and challenges.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is an industrial chemical that has been widely adopted for various industrial applications, including water and wastewater treatment. Currently, the majority of HO is being produced through the anthraquinone oxidation process, which is disadvantageous due to the requirement of toxic raw materials and high energy input. Recently, microbial electrochemical cells (MXCs), such as microbial fuel cells and microbial electrolysis cells, have demonstrated great potential for effective HO production via cathodic oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR).

A discrete core-shell-like micro-light-emitting diode array grown on sapphire nano-membranes.

A discrete core-shell-like micro-light-emitting diode (micro-LED) array was grown on a 100 nm-thick sapphire nano-membrane array without harmful plasma etching for chip singulation. Due to proper design for the sapphire nano-membrane array, an array of multi-faceted micro-LEDs with size of 4 μm × 16 μm was grown. Threading dislocation density in the micro-LED formed on sapphire nano-membrane was reduced by 59.

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): A critical assessment.

Although diagnostic criteria have been developed characterizing postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), no single set of criteria is universally accepted. Furthermore, there are gaps in the present criteria used to identify individuals who have this condition. The reproducibility of the physiological findings, the relationship of symptoms to physiological findings, the presence of symptoms alone without any physiological findings and the response to various interventions confuse rather than clarify this condition.

Dysphagia in Myositis: A Study of the Structural and Physiologic Changes Resulting in Disordered Swallowing.

Objectives: Dysphagia in patients with myositis is associated with an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia. However, the pathophysiology of dysphagia is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to understand how myositis affects swallowing physiology on videofluoroscopic swallow study.

Stable and efficient transfer-printing including repair using a GaN-based microscale light-emitting diode array for deformable displays.

GaN-based microscale light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) are reported for assembly into deformable displays and repair systems. A stamp-imprinting method that enables large area assembly without spatial limitation is involved in the system, and a selective pick-up method is presented that includes a method for removing detected defective chips through micro-pulsed laser scanning. The photosensitive functional material, which is an accepted layer for the stable imprinting of chips, is determined by controlling the adhesion.

The utility of flow cytometry in differentiating NK/T cell lymphoma from indolent and reactive NK cell proliferations.

Background: The WHO defines three categories of NK cell malignancies; extra nodal NK/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL), aggressive NK cell leukemia, and the provisional entity chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of NK cells (CLPD-NK). Although the flow cytometric (FC) phenotype of CLPD-NK has been described, studies on FC phenotype of NKTCL are limited. To the best of our knowledge ours is the first study to compare the phenotype of NKTCL, CLPD-NK, reactive NK lymphocytosis (RNKL), and normal NK cells using eight color (8C) FC.

Resolution of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome After CT-Guided, Percutaneous T2 Ethanol Ablation for Hyperhidrosis.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is characterized by orthostatic intolerance. Orthostasis (or other mild physical stress) triggers a cascade of inappropriate tachycardia, lightheadedness, palpitations, and often fainting. The underlying defect is sympathetic dysregulation of the heart, which receives its sympathetic tone from the cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia.