Sepsis Diagnosis Based on a Parylene Matrix Chip Using LPC16:0 as a Biomarker in Comparison with Colorimetry of Total Phospholipid.

For the medical diagnosis of sepsis, it is crucial to differentiate infectious inflammation from noninfectious symptoms to prevent acute aggravation. Herein, a diagnosis for early stage sepsis was performed using LPC 16:0 and total phospholipids as small molecular biomarkers. The measurement of LPC 16:0 was conducted using a parylene matrix chip, which was developed to effectively detect small molecules in laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS).

Monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT-1) inhibitors screened from autodisplayed F-antibody library.

Monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT-1) inhibitors were screened from the Fv-antibody library, which contained complementary determining region 3 with randomized amino acid sequences (11 residues) through site-directed mutagenesis. Fv-antibodies against MCT-1 were screened from the autodisplayed Fv-antibody library. Two clones were screened, and the binding affinity (K) against MCT-1 was estimated using flow cytometry.

Electrochemical analysis of total phospholipids in human serum for severe sepsis diagnosis.

Electrochemical analysis of total phospholipids was performed for the diagnosis of sepsis. The influence of electrode materials on the analysis of the chromogenic substrate was analyzed using Au, graphite, and pyrolyzed carbon electrodes. The total phospholipid analysis based on electrochemical analysis with pyrolyzed carbon was used for diagnosis of sepsis using sera from healthy volunteers, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and severe sepsis patients.

Wearable fabric-based ZnO nanogenerator for biomechanical and biothermal monitoring.

Wearable devices that can mechanically conform to human skin are a necessity for reliable monitoring and decoding of biomechanical activities through skin. Most inorganic piezoelectrics, however, lack deformability and damage tolerance, impeding stable motion monitoring. Here, we present an air-permeable fabric-based ZnO nanogenerator with mechanical adaptivity to diverse deformations for wearable piezoelectric sensors, collecting biomechanical health data.

Breathing-Driven Self-Powered Pyroelectric ZnO Integrated Face Mask for Bioprotection.

Rapid spread of infectious diseases is a global threat and has an adverse impact on human health, livelihood, and economic stability, as manifested in the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Even though people wear a face mask as protective equipment, direct disinfection of the pathogens is barely feasible, which thereby urges the development of biocidal agents. Meanwhile, repetitive respiration generates temperature variation wherein the heat is regrettably wasted.

Laser-Shock-Driven Evolution of Atomic Defect and Piezoelectricity in Graphitic Carbon Nitride for the Ionization in Mass Spectrometry.

Nanostructures─coupled with mass spectrometry─have been intensively investigated to improve the detection sensitivity and reproducibility of small biomolecules in laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). However, the impact of laser-induced shock wave on the ionization of the nanostructures has rarely been reported. Herein, we systematically elucidate the laser shock wave effect on the ionization in terms of the development of atomic defects and piezoelectricity in two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-CN NS) by short laser pulses.

Simultaneous analysis of acylcarnitines using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry based on a parylene matrix chip.

Short and medium chain acylcarnitines have been used for the diagnosis of various fatty acid oxidation and organic acid disorders. This report presents a multiplex and quantitative analysis of acylcarnitines using MALDI-TOF MS based on a parylene matrix chip. The parylene matrix chip was fabricated by the deposition of a nanoporous film of parylene on an organic matrix array, which reduced the number of mass peaks from the organic matrix in the low / range.

Antibody-Mediated Screening of Peptide Inhibitors for Monoamine Oxidase-B (MAO-B) from an Autodisplayed F Library.

Inhibitors for monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) were screened from an F library with a randomized complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) region using a monoclonal antibody against dopamine. As the first step, the F library was expressed on the outer membrane of by site-directed mutagenesis of the randomized CDR3 region. Among the F library, variants with a binding affinity to monoclonal antibodies against dopamine were screened and cloned.

Photothermal Structural Dynamics of Au Nanofurnace for In Situ Enhancement in Desorption and Ionization.

Fundamental properties of nanostructured substrates govern the performance of laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS); however, limited studies have elucidated the desorption/ionization mechanism based on the physicochemical properties of substrates. Herein, the enhancement in desorption/ionization is investigated using a hybrid matrix of Au nanoisland-functionalized ZnO nanotubes (AuNI-ZNTs). The underlying origin is explored in terms of the photo-electronic and -thermal properties of the matrix.

A TiO nanowire photocatalyst for dual-ion production in laser desorption/ionization (LDI) mass spectrometry.

It has been challenging to detect small analytes in both positive and negative ion modes using organic matrices in conventional matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Herein, TiO nanowires are presented as a solid matrix to form dual ions of analytes regardless of their chemical properties and to demonstrate versatile applicability in LDI-MS.

Simultaneous Analysis of Multiple Cancer Biomarkers Using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Based on a Parylene-Matrix Chip.

Recently, the parylene-matrix chip was developed for quantitative analysis of small molecules less than 1 kDa. In this study, MALDI-TOF MS based on the parylene-matrix chip was performed to clinically diagnose intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). The parylene-matrix chip was applied for the detection of small cancer biomarkers, including -methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2PY), glutamine, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 16:0, and LPC 18:0.

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Based on Parylene-Matrix Chip for the Analysis of Lysophosphatidylcholine in Sepsis Patient Sera.

In this work, medical diagnosis of sepsis was conducted via quantitative analysis of lysophosphatidylcholine 16:0 (LPC 16:0) by using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry based on a parylene-matrix chip. In the first step, specific mass peaks for the diagnosis of sepsis were searched by comparing MALDI-TOF mass spectra of sepsis patient sera with healthy controls and pneumonia patient sera. Two mass peaks at / = 496.

Nanostructured TiO Materials for Analysis of Gout-Related Crystals Using Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight (LDI-ToF) Mass Spectrometry.

Crystals of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) are known to induce arthropathic diseases called gout and pseudogout, respectively. These crystals are deposited in various joints or tissues, causing severe pain. Correct identification of crystals is crucial for the appropriate treatment of gout and pseudogout, which exhibit very similar symptoms.

Synergistic Effect of the Heterostructure of Au Nanoislands on TiO Nanowires for Efficient Ionization in Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

A combination nanostructured matrix with metal Au nanoislands and semiconductor TiO nanowires is presented to enhance both desorption and ionization efficiency in laser desorption/ionization (LDI) mass spectrometry. The heterostructure of Au nanoislands on TiO nanowires was fabricated via (1) TiO nanowire synthesis through a modified wet-corrosion method and (2) Au nanoisland formation through thermal annealing of a sputtered Au layer on the TiO nanowires. Herein, the synergistic effect of this heterostructure for highly efficient ion production was experimentally elucidated in terms of the formation of high temperature on the surface of Au and the creation of a Schottky barrier at the Au-TiO interface.

Gold-nanoparticle-coated magnetic beads for concentration and ionization of analytes for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.

Rationale: Magnetic particles coated with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) (Au-MAGs) were developed and used (1) for sample concentration and (2) as a solid matrix for laser adsorption/desorption mass spectrometry (LDI-MS).

Methods: The Au-MAGs were prepared by (1) coating polystyrene on iron oxide NPs (PS-MNPs), (2) coating poly-l-lysine on the PS-MNPs (PLL-coated PS-MNPs), and (3) coating negatively charged Au NPs on the PLL-coated PS-MNPs (Au-MAGs).

Results: The Au-MAGs were used to concentrate the target analyte by means of electrostatic interactions between the positively charged GHP9 and the negatively charged Au-MAGs as well as selective interactions (such as gold-sulfur interactions) between glutathione (GSH) and Au-MAGs.

TiO Nanowires from Wet-Corrosion Synthesis for Peptide Sequencing Using Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry.

In this work, TiO nanowires synthesized from a wet-corrosion process were presented for peptide sequencing by photocatalytic reaction with UV radiation. For the photocatalytic decomposition of peptides, the peptide sample was dropped on a target plate containing synthesized TiO nanowire zones and UV-irradiated. Subsequently, the target plate was analyzed by laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (LDI-TOF) mass spectrometry using the synthesized TiO nanowires as a solid matrix.