Molecular Diversity of the Casein Gene Cluster in Bovidae: Insights from SNP Microarray Analysis.

The casein gene cluster spans 250 to 350 kb across mammalian species and is flanked by non-coding DNA with largely unknown functions. These regions likely harbor elements regulating the expression of the 4 casein genes. In Bovidae, this cluster is well studied in domestic cattle and to a lesser extent in zebu and water buffalo.

Silicon Modifies Photosynthesis Efficiency and Gene Expression in European Beech () Seedlings Exposed to Drought Stress.

Climate change is leading to severe and long-term droughts in European forest ecosystems. can have profound effects on various physiological processes, including photosynthesis, gene expression patterns, and nutrient uptake at the developmental stage of young trees. Our study aimed to test the hypothesis that the application of silica (SiO) influences photosynthetic efficiency and gene expression in 1- to 2-year-old (L.

Temperature Effects on Expression Levels of Genes in Eggs and Second-Stage Juveniles of Chitwood, 1949.

is one of the most important nematode pathogens. It is a sedentary, biotrophic parasite of plants that overwinters in the soil or in diseased roots. The development of is temperature dependent.

The impact of anthropogenic transformation of urban soils on ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) growth in natural versus urban soils.

Betula pendula Roth. is considered a pioneering plant species important for urban ecosystems. Based on the sequencing of fungal ITS, we characterized the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) communities of twenty silver birch trees growing in a contaminated, highly anthropo-pressured urban environment and in a natural reserve site.

Next-Generation Sequencing for Evaluating the Soil Nematode Diversity and Its Role in Composting Processes.

Biodiversity within composting systems involves a variety of microorganisms including nematodes. In the research, nematode populations were monitored within six simultaneously operating composting processes. These processes involved varying proportions of feedstock materials.

Effect of Vicia sativa L. on Motility, Mortality and Expression Levels of hsp Genes in J2 Stage of Meloidogyne hapla.

Assuming that the seeds of L. have a stressful effect on J2 stage , we undertook research on the effect of these seeds on the motility and mortality of J2 and determined the expression levels of selected genes in J2. The assessment of the effect of seeds on the motility of specimens consisted of observing the movement of J2 immersed in a seed diffusate or in a tomato root filtrate at temperatures of 10, 17, and 21°C.

Advances in the Detection of Emerging Tree Diseases by Measurements of VOCs and s Gene Expression, Application to Ash Dieback Caused by .

Ash shoot dieback has now spread throughout Europe. It is caused by an interaction between fungi that attack shoots () and roots ( spp., in our case ).

Post-fire dynamics of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in a Scots pine ( L.) forest of Poland.

Background: Global warming and drying have markedly enhanced in most forests the risk of fires across the world, which can affect the taxonomic and functional composition of key tree-associated organisms such as ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. The present study was conducted to characterise the alterations in the extent of root ECM colonisation, the ECM fungal communities, and their exploration types (, indicator of ECM soil foraging strategies) in regenerated pines within a burned site as compared with an unburned site (five years after the fire event) in the Forest District Myszyniec, Poland.

Methods: To assess the ECM fungal communities of burned and control sites, soil soil-root monoliths were collected from the study sites in September 2019.

First report of Tomato black ring virus infecting raspberry and blackberry in Poland.

Raspberry ( L.) and blackberry ( L.) are infected by at least 29 viruses, including the Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) (Martin et al.

The ectomycorrhizal community of urban linden trees in Gdańsk, Poland.

The linden tree (Tilia spp.) is a popular tree for landscaping and urban environments in central and northwest European countries, and it is one of the most popular in cities in Poland. Ectomycorrhizal fungi form a symbiosis with many urban tree species and protect the host plant from heavy metals and against salinity.

Molecular variation among virulent and avirulent strains of the quarantine nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is an emerging pathogenic nematode that is responsible for a devastating epidemic of pine wilt disease worldwide, causing severe ecological damage and economic losses to forestry. Two forms of this nematode have been reported, i.e.

Description of Pratylenchoides ojcowensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Merlinidae) from Polish Jurassic Highland.

A new species of the genus Pratylenchoides has been described. It was found in Polish Jurassic Highland, in Ojców National Park. Pratylenchoides ojcowensis sp.

Does kisspeptin participate in GABA-mediated modulation of GnRH and GnRH receptor biosynthesis in the hypothalamic-pituitary unit of follicular-phase ewes?

Background: The inverse relationship between GnRH transcript level and GABA neurons activity has suggested that GABA at the hypothalamic level may exert a suppressive effect on subsequent steps of the GnRH biosynthesis. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of GABA type A receptor agonist (muscimol) or antagonist (bicuculline) on molecular mechanisms governing GnRH/LH secretion in follicular-phase sheep.

Methods: ELISA technique was used to investigate the effects of muscimol and/or bicuculline on levels of post-translational products of genes encoding GnRH ligand and GnRH receptor (GnRHR) in the preoptic area (POA), anterior (AH) and ventromedial (VMH) hypothalamus, stalk/median eminence (SME), and GnRHR in the anterior pituitary (AP).

Tannic Acid-Modified Silver and Gold Nanoparticles as Novel Stimulators of Dendritic Cells Activation.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are promising new antimicrobial agents against a wide range of skin and mucosal pathogens. However, their interaction with the immune system is currently not fully understood. Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial during development of T cell-specific responses against bacterial and viral pathogens.

Involvement of Fas/FasL pathway in the murine model of atopic dermatitis.

Objective And Design: The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of apoptosis mediated through Fas/FasL pathway using the mouse model of atopic dermatitis (AD).

Materials And Treatment: AD was induced by epicutaneous application of ovalbumin (OVA) in wild-type C57BL/6, B6. MRL-Faslpr/J (Fas-) and B6Smn.

The effect of two fixation methods (TAF and DESS) on morphometric parameters of Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi.

Identification of nematode species by using conventional methods requires fixation of the isolated material and a suitable preparation for further analyses. Tentative identification using microscopic methods should also be performed prior to initiating molecular studies. In the literature, various methods are described for the preparation of nematodes from the genus Aphelenchoides for identification and microscopic studies.

Diversifying Selection Between Pure-Breed and Free-Breeding Dogs Inferred from Genome-Wide SNP Analysis.

Domesticated species are often composed of distinct populations differing in the character and strength of artificial and natural selection pressures, providing a valuable model to study adaptation. In contrast to pure-breed dogs that constitute artificially maintained inbred lines, free-ranging dogs are typically free-breeding, i.e.

On the origin of mongrels: evolutionary history of free-breeding dogs in Eurasia.

Although a large part of the global domestic dog population is free-ranging and free-breeding, knowledge of genetic diversity in these free-breeding dogs (FBDs) and their ancestry relations to pure-breed dogs is limited, and the indigenous status of FBDs in Asia is still uncertain. We analyse genome-wide SNP variability of FBDs across Eurasia, and show that they display weak genetic structure and are genetically distinct from pure-breed dogs rather than constituting an admixture of breeds. Our results suggest that modern European breeds originated locally from European FBDs.

Expression profiling of heat shock genes in a scuttle fly Megaselia scalaris (Diptera, Phoridae).

The Phoridae are a family of small, hump-backed flies, dominating in post-fire areas. Some of these flies are probably able to survive a fire as an egg, larva, or pupa, and may be adapted to the fire-altered environment at the genomic level. In this study, we describe the influence of short-term temperature treatment on the expression of seven heat shock protein genes in the third-instar larvae and imagoes of a scuttle fly Megaselia scalaris-one of the cosmopolitan and polyphagous phorids.

Quantitative expression of Candida albicans aspartyl proteinase genes SAP7, SAP8, SAP9, SAP10 in human serum in vitro.

The different members of the secreted aspartyl proteinase (Sap) family of the human pathogenic yeast Candida albicans are proposed to play different roles during infection and are differentially expressed at various body sites. In recent reports, expression analysis has focused on the genes SAP1-6, while the expression pattern of SAP7-10 was less well studied. We analyzed the SAP7-SAP10 expression profile of C.

Effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone and its antagonist on the gene expression of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and GnRH receptor in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland of follicular phase ewes.

There is no information in the literature regarding the effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on genes encoding gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) in the hypothalamus or on GnRHR gene expression in the pituitary gland in vivo. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate, in follicular phase ewes, the effects of prolonged, intermittent infusion of small doses of CRH or its antagonist (α-helical CRH 9-41; CRH-A) into the third cerebral ventricle on GnRH mRNA and GnRHR mRNA levels in the hypothalamo-pituitary unit and on LH secretion. Stimulation or inhibition of CRH receptors significantly decreased or increased GnRH gene expression in the hypothalamus, respectively, and led to different responses in GnRHR gene expression in discrete hypothalamic areas.

HMG1A and PPARG are differently expressed in the liver of fat and lean broilers.

The expression of nine functional candidates for QT abdominal fat weight and relative abdominal fat content was investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the liver, adipose tissue, colon, muscle, pituitary gland and brain of broilers. The high mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMG1A) gene was up-regulated in liver with a ratio of means of 2.90 (P ≤ 0.

Identification of forensically important blowfly species (Diptera: Calliphoridae) by high-resolution melting PCR analysis.

We describe here the successful coupling of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis to rapidly identify 15 forensically important species of blowfly from the family Calliphoridae (Diptera), which occur in Poland. Two short regions (119 and 70 base pairs, respectively) of cytochrome oxidase gene subunit I with sufficient sequence diversity were selected. In the case of lacking taxa (e.

Changes in the GnRH mRNA and GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) mRNA levels in the hypothalamic-anterior pituitary unit of anestrous ewes after infusion of GnRH into the third cerebral ventricle.

In the present paper the role of GnRH in the ultrashort loop of the negative feedback action on GnRH secretion was evaluated on the molecular level by the Real-time PCR technique. Specifically, the effect of GnRH infused into the third cerebral ventricle on the expression of GnRH and GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) genes was analyzed in the hypothalamic-pituitary unit of anestrous ewes. GnRH did not significantly affect GnRH mRNA levels in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area but drastically increased its level in the ventromedial hypothalamus.

Gene expression profiling of lipoarabinomannan-treated mouse macrophage cultures infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG.

The mannosylated lipoarabinomanan (ManLAM) from mycobacterial species possesses strong anti-apoptotic action. Here we examined the ability of ManLAM isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv to alter expression profiles of apoptosis-related genes in mouse macrophages infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG Danish strain. ManLAM suppressed BCG-induced apoptosis and activities of caspase-1, -3, -8 and 9.