Lignin-based dual component additives as effective electrode material for energy management systems.

A functional PbO-lignin electrode hydrid material composite was designed and manufactured. Moreover, its connection efficiency was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We noted that the superficial layers of PbO combined with layers of the biopolymer and that oxygen atoms present in both materials had influence on the chemical environment of the neighboring compound.

Kraft lignin/cubic boron nitride hybrid materials as functional components for abrasive tools.

In this study, the kraft lignin/cubic boron nitride hybrid materials have been obtained and characterized for the first time. The effectiveness of the combination of lignin and boron nitride was evaluated on the basis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the addition of cubic boron nitride (cBN) improved the thermal stability of the inorganic-organic material.

Catalyst-free activation of kraft lignin in air using hydrogen sulfate ionic liquids.

In this research we use ionic liquids in combination with mild process conditions to provide a selective increase in the content of carbonyl groups in the kraft lignin structure. Such modification can improve the properties of the pristine biopolymer. In this study, aromatic substituted ionic liquids were synthesized using [CCIm][HSO] as a template structure.

Development of Acidic Imidazolium Ionic Liquids for Activation of Kraft Lignin by Controlled Oxidation: Comprehensive Evaluation and Practical Utility.

A novel, eco-friendly method for the activation of lignin by controlled oxidation was studied. The results obtained for six acidic imidazolium ionic liquids containing the hydrogen sulfate anion were compared. The key goal of this research was to increase the content of carbonyl groups in the lignin structure because these may play the main role in the transport of protons and electrons in active materials for electrochemical applications.

Functional Hybrid Materials Based on Manganese Dioxide and Lignin Activated by Ionic Liquids and Their Application in the Production of Lithium Ion Batteries.

Kraft lignin (KL) was activated using selected ionic liquids (ILs). The activated form of the biopolymer, due to the presence of carbonyl groups, can be used in electrochemical tests. To increase the application potential of the system in electrochemistry, activated lignin forms were combined with manganese dioxide, and the most important physicochemical and morphological-microstructural properties of the novel, functional hybrid systems were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis (EA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential analysis, thermal stability (TGA/DTG) and porous structure analysis.

Physicochemical Characterization of Functional Lignin-Silica Hybrid Fillers for Potential Application in Abrasive Tools.

Functional lignin-SiO₂ hybrid fillers were prepared for potential application in binders for phenolic resins, and their chemical structure was characterized. The properties of these fillers and of composites obtained from them with phenolic resin were compared with those of systems with lignin or silica alone. The chemical structure of the materials was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (C CP MAS NMR).