Association of Physical Activity with Aortic Disease in Japanese Men and Women: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study.

Aims: Evidence of the effects of physical activity on mortality from aortic diseases, especially in Asian populations, remains limited. This study aimed to examine these effects using data from a large long-term cohort study of Japanese men and women.

Methods: Between 1988 and 1990, 32,083 men and 43,454 women in Japan, aged 40-79 years with no history of coronary heart disease, stroke, aortic diseases, or cancer, filled in questionnaires on time spent walking and participating in sports and were followed up until 2009.

Population health and regional variations of disease burden in Japan, 1990-2015: a systematic subnational analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

Background: Japan has entered the era of super-ageing and advanced health transition, which is increasingly putting pressure on the sustainability of its health system. The level and pace of this health transition might vary across regions within Japan and concern is growing about increasing regional variations in disease burden. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive, comparable framework.

Financial burden for tuberculosis patients in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

In order to inform the development of appropriate strategies to improve financial risk protection, we conducted a systematic literature review of the financial burden of tuberculosis (TB) faced by patients and affected families. The mean total costs ranged from $55 to $8198, with an unweighted average of $847. On average, 20% (range 0-62%) of the total cost was due to direct medical costs, 20% (0-84%) to direct non-medical costs, and 60% (16-94%) to income loss.