The role of previous thoracic radiation therapy as a risk factor of immune-related pneumonitis is unclear. Furthermore, some patients develop radiation recall pneumonitis, which is characterized by a radiation pneumonitis-like imaging pattern with consolidation progressing within a previous radiation field. In this multicenter retrospective study, we analyzed the relationship of previous thoracic radiation therapy with immune-related pneumonitis and the characteristics of radiation recall pneumonitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: This phase 2 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of brigatinib in patients with advanced ALK-positive NSCLC refractory to alectinib or other ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
Methods: This single-arm, multicenter, open-label study in Japanese patients consisted of a safety lead-in followed by an expansion stage in patients refractory to ALK TKI or those naive for ALK TKI. Patients received brigatinib 180 mg once daily with 7-day lead-in at 90 mg once daily.
Although programmed death (PD)-1 immune checkpoint therapies target the immune system, the relationship between inflammatory factors and the clinical outcome of anti-PD-1 therapy for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not fully understood. Here we examined the association between soluble immune mediators and the outcome of treatment with PD-1 inhibitors in patients with advanced/recurrent NSCLC. In two independent cohorts, we assessed the levels of 88 different soluble immune mediators in peripheral blood before and after anti-PD-1 treatment, and evaluated their associations with clinical outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations is essential in deciding therapeutic strategy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients at initial diagnosis. Moreover, in EGFR mutation-positive (EGFRm) NSCLC patients, re-biopsy at disease progression to clarify resistance mechanisms is also important. However, collecting histology samples is often difficult because of inaccessibility and invasiveness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActivation of the interleukin-13 (IL-13) receptor leads to signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) activation and subsequent induction of SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF) and chloride channel accessory 1 (CLCA1), increasing secretion of the gel-forming mucin MUC5AC. Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) also leads to MUC5AC production via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). We examined the effect of clarithromycin IL-13 signaling leading to production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a paraneoplastic syndrome and only 3% of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) patients have LEMS. Moreover, the recurrence of SCLC after a disease-free survival (DFS) of more than 10 years is rare. We report a patient who had a recurrence of both SCLC and LEMS after a 13-year DFS period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMucus hypersecretion and goblet cell hyperplasia are common features that characterize asthma. IL-13 increases mucin (MUC) 5AC, the major component of airway mucus, in airway epithelial cells. According to the literature, IL-13 receptor activation leads to STAT6 activation and consequent induction of chloride channel accessory 1 (CLCA1) gene expression, associated with the induction of MUC5AC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2) initiate the biosynthesis of eicosanoids, are increased in the airways of people with severe asthma, and induce mucin hypersecretion. We used IL-13-transformed, highly enriched goblet cells and differentiated (ciliary cell-enriched) human bronchial epithelial cell culture to evaluate the relative contribution of ciliated and goblet cells to airway sPLA2 generation and response. We wished to determine the primary source(s) of sPLA2 and leukotrienes in human airway epithelial cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objectives: Primary blast injury is produced by shock waves. Blast injuries to lungs are extremely critical threats to survival, but their etiology is largely undefined. The majority of animal models for these injuries use explosive or complex experimental settings, limiting the laboratory study of blast injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi
March 2008
Case. A 54-year old woman was found to have an abnormal shadow in a regular checkup chest X-ray film. We suspected a bronchial artery aneurysm based on a contrast-enhanced chest CT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe report herein high-resolution computed tomography findings from a patient with IgG4-related pulmonary disease for the first time. The 61-year-old male patient complained of low-grade fever, dry mouth, and night sweats. He was diagnosed as having autoimmune pancreatitis, Sjögren syndrome, and elevated serum IgG4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi
June 2006
We reported an immunocompetent elderly patient with disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection exhibiting bronchial, pulmonary, nodal, otitic and osteitic lesions. An 82-year-old man was initially hospitalized with cervical and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. M.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi
June 2005
A 52-year-old woman was taking 10 mg of prednisolone on alternate days for the treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. She was informed of an abnormality on a chest X-ray film about 3 months previously and was admitted to our hospital with sudden onset of chest pain and fever. On the following day, she underwent transthoracic needle biopsy and the lung lesion was diagnosed as pulmonary nocardiosis.
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