Seroprevalence of bovine arboviruses belonging to genus Orthobunyavirus in South Korea.

Arboviruses, belonging to the Simbu serogroup of the genus Orthobunyavirus, often cause congenital malformations and reproductive loss in cattle. The recent occurrences of such reproductive problems suggest that new arboviruses have emerged in Japan. However, there is no information on the presence of these viruses in South Korea.

Simple method for Shiga toxin 2e purification by affinity chromatography via binding to the divinyl sulfone group.

Here we describe a simple affinity purification method for Shiga toxin 2e (Stx2e), a major causative factor of edema disease in swine. Escherichia coli strain MV1184 transformed with the expression plasmid pBSK-Stx2e produced Stx2e when cultivated in CAYE broth containing lincomycin. Stx2e bound to commercial D-galactose gel, containing α-D-galactose immobilized on agarose resin via a divinyl sulfone linker, and was eluted with phosphate-buffered saline containing 4.

A specific induction of interleukin-10 by the Map41 recombinant PPE antigen of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is not only an essential immunoregulator in host immunity, but also it accounts for the intracellular survival of mycobacteria because of its inhibitory activity against anti-mycobacterial functions of macrophage. It has been also indicated that blood cells from calves infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) produce a large amount of IL-10 after stimulation with Map antigen, and it leads to suppression of Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production in T-cells.