Publications by authors named "Tadashi Nomura"

Turandot (Tot) family proteins, which are induced via the JAK/STAT pathway after infection, also suppress lymph gland tumors in mutant larvae. We investigated the potential role of hemocytes in induction in tumor-bearing mutants via immunostaining and RNAi experiments. Normal hemocytes transplanted into mutant larvae were recruited to the tumor and fat body (FB), suggesting that these cells transmit tumor-related information.

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Orbital lymphatic malformations significantly impair visual function, with inflammation contributing to corneal dryness and diplopia due to exophthalmos. Disease progression may lead to blindness, and in severe cases, exenteration may be required. We treated two symptomatic cases of adult orbital slow-flow vascular malformations with oral sirolimus.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in facial bones, while rare, can lead to serious issues like aesthetic concerns, pain, and significant complications such as life-threatening bleeding.
  • - A case study showcased a surgical approach involving preoperative embolization and sclerotherapy followed by the use of specialized devices (Sonopet® and Aquamantys™) to successfully resect AVMs from the maxilla while preserving important structures.
  • - The report emphasizes the importance of careful planning and surgical techniques to manage bleeding and ensure effective removal of deformed bone, presenting a promising method for maintaining facial integrity during treatment.
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  • Bowen's disease (BD) is a precancerous skin condition that can lead to invasive tumors, while Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive skin cancer usually found in sun-exposed areas.
  • A case report describes an 87-year-old Japanese male with both BD and unusual subcutaneous MCC on his hand, confirmed through biopsy and immunohistochemistry.
  • The patient is currently being monitored with no recurrence after six months, highlighting the rarity of this combination and the need for thorough diagnostic evaluation of atypical skin lesions.
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  • Surgical excision of advanced lacrimal gland carcinoma often requires removing the orbital contents and reconstructing the anterior skull base with tissue that can withstand radiotherapy; this process involves complex considerations regarding patient quality of life and aesthetics.
  • In three cases, a rectus abdominis flap was utilized for reconstruction after en bloc resection, chosen for its reliable structure and blood flow to fill the surgical cavity.
  • The flap successfully survived with no complications, but showed notable shrinkage after six months, leading to the recommendation for using a slightly larger flap volume initially to account for future reductions.
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Thermal adaptation to environmental temperature is a driving force in animal evolution. This chapter presents thermal adaptation in ectotherms and endotherms from the perspective of developmental biology. In ectotherms, there are known examples of temperature influencing morphological characteristics, such as seasonal color change, melanization, and sex determination.

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  • Sinonasal myxomas (SNMs) are a specific type of tumor found in the paranasal sinuses and maxillae of infants, as seen in a case involving a 15-month-old.
  • After initial surgery, the patient's tumor recurred, but a second surgery using marginal excision was successful with no further recurrences.
  • SNMs have unique clinical and histological traits, and their positive β-catenin staining, unlike odontogenic myxomas which are negative for it, suggests they could be classified as a separate disease, prompting potential changes in treatment approaches.
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The bacterial pathogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), elicits microglial response and induces cytokine secretion that subsequently activates astrocytes. Recent findings have indicated that LPS-induced activation of postnatal glial cells has led to alterations in synapse formation in hippocampal and cortical neurons, thereby resulting in a prolonged increased risk for seizure or depression. Nevertheless, its mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.

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Background Since the larynx and pharynx are vital for respiration, swallowing, and speech, chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has been widely applied for T3 hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) as an organ-preserving treatment. However, CRT can lead to severe late adverse events such as dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia, especially in patients who have difficulty swallowing and/or aspiration at the time of initial diagnosis. Patients and methods Between 2012 and 2020, 86 patients with T3 HPC treated with curative intent at Kobe University Hospital were included in this study.

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We report a case of a second free jejunal transfer to treat metastasis in the mesenteric lymph node of the first jejunal flap. A 73-year-old man underwent total pharyngolaryngectomy, bilateral neck dissection, and free jejunal transfer for recurrent hypopharyngeal cancer [left pyriform sinus, pT2N0, moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)] after radiotherapy. Seven years post-surgery, he underwent transoral videolaryngoscopic surgery for oropharyngeal cancer (soft palate, pT1N0, well-differentiated SCC).

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Article Synopsis
  • - This study aimed to evaluate the natural progression of venous malformation (VM) and Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome (KTS) over a 6-month period by observing changes in lesion volume and other health factors in 34 patients.
  • - The results showed no significant overall change in lesion volume or other health metrics such as pain, quality of life, and coagulation markers, but some patients had notable changes linked to local infections.
  • - Findings suggest that conducting a Phase 2 study to test new treatments without a placebo is justified, using this data as a standard for comparison.
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Changes in genomic structures underlie phenotypic diversification in organisms. Amino acid-changing mutations affect pleiotropic functions of proteins, although little is known about how mutated proteins are adapted in existing developmental programs. Here we investigate the biological effects of a variant of the GLI3 transcription factor (GLI3) carried in Neanderthals and Denisovans, which are extinct hominins close to modern humans.

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Venous malformations (VMs) are histopathologically benign but can greatly impair patients' quality of life. Screlothprapy is known to be effective in improving symptoms without a scar, but surgical resection of residual lesions is sometimes necessary due to inadequate reduction. However, there is no consensus on what criteria should be used to consider switching to surgical treatment, and individualized decisions must be made for each case.

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This study aimed to elucidate the vasodilatory effects and cytotoxicity of various vasodilators used as antispasmodic agents during microsurgical anastomosis. Rat smooth muscle cells (RSMCs) and human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) were used to investigate the physiological concentrations and cytotoxicity of various vasodilators (lidocaine, papaverine, nitroglycerin, phentolamine, and orciprenaline). Using a wire myograph system, we determined the vasodilatory effects of each drug in rat abdominal aortic sections at the concentration resulting in maximal vasodilation as well as at the surrounding concentrations 10 min after administration.

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Unlabelled: Abdominal incisional hernia is a complication of the rectus abdominis myocutaneous (RAMC) flap harvest. This study aimed to compare the incidence of abdominal incisional hernia and donor-site closure time between absorbable barbed continuous (ABC) and non-absorbable non-barbed interrupted (nAnBI) methods.

Methods: This study included 145 patients who underwent free RAMC flap reconstruction after head and neck cancer surgery at Kobe University Hospital between January 2012 and March 2020.

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Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) arise from restricted regions of the central nervous system (CNS) and differentiate into myelin-forming cells after migration, but their ultrastructural characteristics have not been fully elucidated. This study examined the three-dimensional ultrastructure of OPCs in comparison with other glial cells in the early postnatal optic nerve by serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. We examined 70 putative OPCs (pOPC) that were distinct from other glial cells according to established morphological criteria.

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We report a case of palliative surgery in a 73-year-old patient with metastatic plantar sarcoma. The patient underwent resection and irradiation of an undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma in the right plantar region. The wound was not closed and systemic metastases were observed.

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Introduction: Post-sternotomy surgical site infection (SSI) is a serious complication of cardiovascular surgery. Here, we proposed a new clinical classification and reconstructive strategy for this condition.

Methods: A retrospective study based on medical records was performed on 100 consecutive cases requiring wound management by plastic surgeons for post-sternotomy SSI at Kobe University Hospital between January 2009 and December 2021.

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In the present study, we examined neural circuit formation in the forebrain of the Olig2 knockout (Olig2-KO) mouse model and found disruption of the anterior commissure at the late foetal stage. Axon bundles of the anterior commissure encountered the wall of the third ventricle and ceased axonal extension. L1-CAM immunohistochemistry showed that Olig2-KO mice lose decussation formation in the basal forebrain.

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Owing to recent advances in medical optical technology, a high-definition (4K) three-dimensional (3D) exoscope has been developed as an alternative tool to using conventional microscopes for microscopic surgery, and its efficacy for neurosurgery has been reported. We report a case who underwent simultaneous surgery aiming for en bloc resection of an anterior skull base malignancy with concurrent exoscopic transcranial and endoscopic endonasal approaches using a 4K 3D exoscope. The patient was a 76-year-old woman who underwent en bloc resection for an anterior skull base olfactory neuroblastoma 13 years ago.

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Motor neurons in the spinal cord are essential for movement. During the embryonic period, developing motor neurons store glycogen to protect against hypoglycemic and hypoxic stress. However, the mechanisms by which glycogen metabolism is regulated in motor neurons remain unclear.

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This study aimed to analyze the Hess area ratio (HAR%) in cases of blowout fracture treated in our department and clarify the outline of eye movement disorders in blowout fractures. Patients who underwent surgery for orbital blowout fractures in our department were included. Fracture locations were classified into 5 types (A, outside floor; B, C, anterior and posterior floor; and D, E, anterior and posterior medial wall).

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We introduce a treatment that combines the cross-leg free flap with the Masquelet technique and describe two cases using this method for bone and soft tissue reconstruction. Both patients were successfully treated and ambulatory. This novel method can be safely performed using the delay technique, indocyanine-green angiography and near-infrared spectroscopy.

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