An air-locking port and high-flow nasal cannula in non-intubated uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery for pneumothorax with pulmonary dysfunction: a case report.

Background: Non-intubated video-assisted thoracic surgery is a therapeutic option for intractable secondary spontaneous pneumothorax in patients who are poor candidates for surgery with endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia. However, intraoperative respiratory management in this surgery is often challenging because of hypoxia caused by surgical pneumothorax.

Case Presentation: A 75-year-old man with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who had been on home oxygen therapy underwent non-intubated uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery for intractable spontaneous pneumothorax.

Thoracoscopic surgery under local anesthesia for high-risk intractable secondary spontaneous pneumothorax.

Objectives: To evaluate the outcomes of thoracoscopic surgery for intractable secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) under local anesthesia in high-risk patients and report intraoperative findings useful for identifying air leakage points.

Methods: We analyzed outcomes of 14 consecutive thoracoscopic operations under local anesthesia for high-risk SSP from 2015 to 2019. Suspicious lesions were determined based on intraoperative direct or indirect detections.

Simple chest closure of open window thoracostomy for postpneumonectomy empyema: a case report.

Background: Management of postpneumonectomy empyema requires comprehensive strategies, especially when the condition is associated with large bronchopleural fistulae. We report a case involving the simple chest closure of open window thoracostomy with remaining residual space.

Case Presentation: We performed open window thoracostomy for empyema with a huge bronchial stump dehiscence after right pneumonectomy for a large lung cancer.

Immunotherapy for advanced lung cancer combined with surgery for mediastinal myxofibrosarcoma: a case report.

Background: It is unclear whether simultaneous primary neoplasm resection and immunotherapy for advanced lung cancer is safe. We report a case of an elderly man with advanced lung cancer and myxofibrosarcoma.

Case Presentation: The advanced lung cancer was treated with pembrolizumab, and partial response was achieved in 3 months.

Tumor invasiveness as defined by the newly proposed IASLC/ATS/ERS classification has prognostic significance for pathologic stage IA lung adenocarcinoma and can be predicted by radiologic parameters.

Objectives: The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, American Thoracic Society, and European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS) have collaborated to propose a new pathologic classification of lung adenocarcinoma. In this classification, noninvasiveness and invasiveness have been newly defined for lung adenocarcinoma. The aims of this study were to validate the prognostic significance of tumor invasiveness as defined by the new IASLC/ATS/ERS classification and to assess the relationship between pathologic invasiveness and radiologic findings in pathologic stage IA lung adenocarcinoma.

Spindle cell component in pleomorphic carcinoma showing polypoid growth in the pulmonary vein.

We describe a rare case of a pleomorphic carcinoma forming polypoid growth in the pulmonary vein. A 69-year-old man was admitted with an abnormal shadow in his right lung. Thoracic computed tomography scans showed a polypoid lesion extending into the right lower pulmonary vein.

Surgical resection for isolated myeloid sarcoma arising from a rib.

We report on a rare manifestation of myeloid sarcoma with chronic myelogenous leukemia. The neoplasm arising from a rib showed osteolytic changes and infiltrated the surrounding muscles. We resected the lesion to relieve chest pain caused by pathologic rib fractures.

A case of Good's syndrome: a rare acquired immunodeficiency associated with thymoma.

The patient was a 76-year-old man who had a prior history of recurrent pneumonia and severe, chronic sinusitis. Computed tomography showed a thymoma, and laboratory results revealed hypogammaglobulinemia. Therefore, Good's Syndrome (GS, rare adult-onset immunodeficiency with thymoma) was diagnosed.

Simultaneous double thymic carcinoids: a rare initial manifestation of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.

A 53-year-old man was referred to our hospital for treatment of two anterior mediastinal tumors. The anterior mediastinal tumors were resected by thymectomy under the probable diagnosis of double thymomas. The final pathological diagnosis was multiple thymic carcinoids.

Resected osteochondroma of the rib in an elderly patient.

Solitary osteochondroma of the rib is a rare primary chest wall tumor. Herein, we report a case of a successfully resected osteochondroma of the rib. The patient was a 73-year-old asymptomatic woman who came to our hospital regularly for treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia.

Chronic expanding hematoma in sternum resected 5 years after median sternotomy.

Chronic expanding hematomas occur at various locations in the body; however, their occurrence in the sternum has not been reported yet. We report a patient with chronic expanding hematoma in the sternum 5 years after undergoing a median sternotomy for cardiac surgery. Although preoperative biopsy specimens did not lead to a definitive diagnosis, we could not rule out the possibility of a malignant tumor because of the expanding and infiltrative behavior of the hematoma.

Synovial sarcoma of the mediastinum: report of a case.

We report a case of synovial sarcoma of the mediastinum, a very rare tumor, in a 50-year-old man hospitalized with anterior chest pain. Chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) on admission showed a 10 x 8-cm mass in the right anterior mediastinal space, compressing the superior vena cava. A diagnosis of sarcoma was established by a CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy.

Operation for lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: surgical contraindication?

Background: Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have an increased incidence of lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the outcome of surgical treatment of lung cancer with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Methods: From January 1992 through December 2001, 64 patients who had simultaneous lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were treated.

Significance of serial real-time PCR monitoring of EBV genome load in living donor liver transplantation.

Background: Quantitative analysis of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome has been recently reported to be helpful for early identification of EBV viremia which could reduce the risk of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD).

Aim: To demonstrate the significance of serial monitoring of EBV genome load by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after living donor liver transplantation.

Methods: From March 1999 to April 2000, the EBV genome load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) was measured serially in a total of 15 recipients of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) who had a symptomatic EBV infection.