Development of statistical regression and artificial neural network models for estimating nitrogen, phosphorus, COD, and suspended solid concentrations in eutrophic rivers using UV-Vis spectroscopy.

River water quality monitoring is crucial for understanding water dynamics and formulating policies to conserve the water environment. In situ ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometry holds great potential for real-time monitoring of multiple water quality parameters. However, establishing a reliable methodology to link absorption spectra to specific water quality parameters remains challenging, particularly for eutrophic rivers under various flow and water quality conditions.