Impact of Prevascularization on Immunological Environment and Early Engraftment in Subcutaneous Islet Transplantation.

Background: The utilization of islet-like cells derived from pluripotent stem cells may resolve the scarcity of islet transplantation donors. The subcutaneous space is a promising transplantation site because of its capacity for graft observation and removal, thereby ensuring safety. To guarantee subcutaneous islet transplantation, physicians should ensure ample blood supply.

A case of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy and median arcuate ligament release for a gastric cancer patient with median arcuate ligament syndrome.

Background: The median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a disease in which the celiac artery is compressed by the arcuate ligament and causes stenosis. If abdominal pain or an aneurysm is observed in the head of the pancreas, it is necessary to release the arcuate ligament, and recently laparoscopic surgery has been reported. However, the indication for treatment in asymptomatic cases is unknown.

Antipsychotic olanzapine-induced misfolding of proinsulin in the endoplasmic reticulum accounts for atypical development of diabetes.

Second-generation antipsychotics are widely used to medicate patients with schizophrenia, but may cause metabolic side effects such as diabetes, which has been considered to result from obesity-associated insulin resistance. Olanzapine is particularly well known for this effect. However, clinical studies have suggested that olanzapine-induced hyperglycemia in certain patients cannot be explained by such a generalized mechanism.

The MEK Inhibitor Trametinib Suppresses Major Histocompatibility Antigen-mismatched Rejection Following Pancreatic Islet Transplantation.

Background: Potential adverse effects, such as functional impairment of islets, render conventional immunosuppressive drugs unsuitable for use in islet transplantation. In addition, as a single therapy, they cannot prolong islet allograft survival. Here, we investigated the utility of the mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor trametinib and asked whether it ameliorates acute rejection of transplanted islets without the need for conventional immunosuppressants.

Mitomycin C treatment improves pancreatic islet graft longevity in intraportal islet transplantation by suppressing proinflammatory response.

The in vitro culture period prior to cell transplantation (i.e. pancreatic islet transplantation) enables cell modification and is thus advantageous.

Successful laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for a large solid pseudopapillary neoplasm: A case report.

A 30-year-old Japanese woman presented at our hospital with a pancreatic tumor. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed a tumor with a 12-cm diameter in the pancreatic body and tail. In the preoperative setting, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration permitted a histopathological diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm.

[A case of adenocarcinoma occurring in the bladder mucosa after a surgical operation for colovesical fistula].

We report a case of adenocarcinoma occurring in the bladder mucosa 6 years after a surgical operation for colovesical fistula due to colonic diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon. The patient was a 76-year-old woman who had undergone a sigmoidectomy and ligation of the colovesical fistula at the age of 70 years. She presented with a complaint of gross hematuria.

Effect of antiplatelet therapy on patients undergoing gastroenterological surgery: thromboembolic risks versus bleeding risks during its perioperative withdrawal.

Background: Antiplatelet agents given to prevent thromboembolic disease are frequently withdrawn prior to surgical procedures to reduce bleeding complications. This action may expose patients to increased thromboembolic morbidity and mortality.

Methods: A series of 2012 patients who had undergone gastroenterologic surgery between January 2005 and June 2010 at our institution were reviewed.

Does antiplatelet therapy affect outcomes of patients receiving abdominal laparoscopic surgery? Lessons from more than 1,000 laparoscopic operations in a single tertiary referral hospital.

Background: The effect of antiplatelet therapy (APT) on surgical blood loss and perioperative complications in patients receiving abdominal laparoscopic surgery still remains unclear.

Study Design: A total of 1,075 consecutive patients undergoing abdominal laparoscopic surgery between 2005 and 2011 were reviewed. Our perioperative management protocol consisted of interruption of APT 1 week before surgery and early postoperative reinstitution in low thromboembolic risk patients (n = 160, iAPT group).

Intractable intraoperative bleeding requiring platelet transfusion during emergent cholecystectomy in a patient with dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting coronary stent implantation (with video).

We report a case of a 76-year-old man, receiving dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and ticlopidine for the past 6 years after implantation of drug-eluting coronary stent, developed a severe hypochondriac pain. After diagnosing severe acute cholecystitis by an enhanced CT, emergent laparotomy under continuation of DAPT was attempted. During the operation, intractable bleeding from the adhesiolysed liver surface was encountered, which required platelet transfusion.

[A case of unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma successfully treated by gemcitabine and S-1 combination chemotherapy].

A 52-year-old male was presented with obstructive jaundice and liver dysfunction. He was diagnosed as hilar cholangiocarcinoma involving the confluence of the right and left hepatic duct and bifurcation of the main portal vein trunk. Swollen lymph nodes in the hepatoduodenal ligament were also detected.

[A long survival of a patient with poor performance status who suffered from advanced right breast cancer with multiple lung metastases controlled by trastuzumab as a key drug].

We report a case of a 60-year-old woman with poor performance status (PS). She suffered from advanced right breast cancer with multiple lung metastases, which was controlled by chemotherapy with trastuzumab as the key drug. The patient presented with a 4 cm-sized large right breast mass.

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the common bile duct with intraductal tumor thrombi: report of a case.

We report a case of undifferentiated carcinoma of the common bile duct with intraductal tumor thrombi. A 73-year-old man presented with general malaise. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass in the distal common bile duct, accompanied by dilatation of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts.