Metabolites of alectinib in human: their identification and pharmacological activity.

Two metabolites (M4 and M1b) in plasma and four metabolites (M4, M6, M1a and M1b) in faeces were detected through the human ADME study following a single oral administration of [C]alectinib, a small-molecule anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor, to healthy subjects. In the present study, M1a and M1b, which chemical structures had not been identified prior to the human ADME study, were identified as isomers of a carboxylate metabolite oxidatively cleaved at the morpholine ring. In faeces, M4 and M1b were the main metabolites, which shows that the biotransformation to M4 and M1b represents two main metabolic pathways for alectinib.

Varus-valgus instability in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee: effect of posterior tibial load.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is often accompanied with medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury. Assessment of varus-valgus (V-V) instability in the ACL-deficient knee is crucial for the management of the concomitant ACL-collateral ligaments injury. We evaluated the V-V laxity and investigated the effect of additional posterior tibial load on the laxity in the ACL-deficient knee.

Prenatal and early postnatal depression and child maltreatment among Japanese fathers.

We investigated the association of paternal depression in the prenatal and early postnatal period with child maltreatment tendency at two months postpartum among Japanese fathers. This population-based longitudinal study recruited Japanese perinatal women and their partners living in Nishio City, Aichi, Japan. Of the 270 fathers who participated, 196 were included in the analysis.

Hetero Face-to-Face Porphyrin Array with Cooperative Effects of Coordination and Host-Guest Complexation.

We successfully synthesized a hetero face-to-face porphyrin array composed of ZnTPP and RuTPP(DABCO) (TPP: 5, 10, 15, 20-tetraphenylporphyrin, DABCO: 1,4-diazabi-cyclo[2.2.2]octane) in 2:1 molar ratio.

Ferritin 2 domain-containing protein found in lacquer tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum) sap has negative effects on laccase and peroxidase reactions.

Lacquer tree sap, a raw material of traditional paints in East Asia, is hardened through laccase-catalyzed oxidation and the following polymerization of phenolic compound urushiol. In the sap's water-insoluble fraction, we found two plantacyanins and a ferritin 2 domain-containing protein (TvFe2D, a homolog of Arabidopsis AT1G47980 and AT3G62730). The recombinant TvFe2D protein suppressed the accumulation of laccase-catalyzed oxidation products of a model substrate syringaldazine without decreasing oxygen consumption, the second substrate of laccase.

Serum levels of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2 binding protein reflect the severity of chronic pancreatitis.

Objectives: To evaluate the utility of serum Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2 binding protein (WFA -M2BP) level as a marker for chronic pancreatitis (CP).

Methods: We measured the serum WFA -M2BP level of 74 patients with CP who had undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and 30 normal controls (NC) using a glycan sugar chain-based immunoassay and investigated the relationship between serum WFA -M2BP levels and the Cambridge classification of CP.

Results: Serum WFA -M2BP level was significantly higher in patients with CP than in NC (0.

Orofacial proprioceptive thalamus of the rat.

The ascending pathway mediating proprioception from the orofacial region is still not fully known. The present study elucidated the relay of jaw-closing muscle spindle (JCMS) inputs from brainstem to thalamus in rats. We injected an anterograde tracer into the electrophysiologically identified supratrigeminal nucleus (Su5), known to receive JCMS input.

Flavour-enhanced cortisol release during gum chewing.

There is some evidence to suggest that chewing gum reduces chronic stress. However, it remains controversial how the taste and odour properties of chewing gum influence stress. The present study was designed to investigate this issue in human subjects.

Computational Model of Recurrent Subthalamo-Pallidal Circuit for Generation of Parkinsonian Oscillations.

Parkinson's disease is a movement disorder caused by dopamine depletion in the basal ganglia. Abnormally synchronized neuronal oscillations between 8 and 15 Hz in the basal ganglia are implicated in motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, how these abnormal oscillations are generated and maintained in the dopamine-depleted state is unknown.

Allergic diseases in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Reports of frequent manifestation of allergic diseases in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been the subject of mounting clinical interest. However, evidence supporting the association between ADHD and allergies is inconsistent and has yet to be systematically reviewed. The objective of this study was to compile and assess available studies on the association between ADHD and allergic diseases in children.

Utility of chromogranin B compared with chromogranin A as a biomarker in Japanese patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Objective: Currently, serum chromogranin A is a well-established biomarker for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors; however, other pancreatic diseases, oral use of a proton pump inhibitor and renal impairment can affect chromogranin A. Meanwhile, chromogranin B, belonging to the same granin family as chromogranin A, is not fully examined in these conditions. The present study aimed to evaluate the utility of chromogranin B as a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor biomarker.

Assessment of Autistic Traits in Children Aged 2 to 4½ Years With the Preschool Version of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-P): Findings from Japan.

The recent development and use of autism measures for the general population has led to a growing body of evidence which suggests that autistic traits are distributed along a continuum. However, as most existing autism measures were designed for use in children older than age 4, to date, little is known about the autistic continuum in children younger than age 4. As autistic symptoms are evident in the first few years, to address this research gap, the current study tested the preschool version of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-P) in children aged 2 to 4½ years in clinical (N = 74, average age 40 months, 26-51 months) and community settings (N = 357, average age 39 months, 25-50 months) in Japan.

Diagnostic Performance of 48-Hour Fasting Test and Insulin Surrogates in Patients With Suspected Insulinoma.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the 48-hour fasting test and insulin surrogates followed by a glucagon stimulatory test (GST) for the diagnosis of insulinoma.

Methods: Thirty-five patients with suspected insulinoma who underwent 48-hour fasting test and GST were retrospectively included in our study: 15 patients with surgically proven insulinomas and 20 patients in whom insulinoma was clinically ruled out. We determined the duration of the fasting test, plasma glucose levels, serum levels of immunoreactive insulin and C-peptide, and insulin surrogates (serum levels of β-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acid, and response of plasma glucose to intravenous glucagon [ΔPG]) at the end of the fast.

High Spatial Resolution Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Organic Layers in an Organic Light-Emitting Diode.

To improve the durability of organic materials in electronic devices, an analytical method that can obtain information about the molecular structure directly from specific areas on a device is desired. For this purpose, laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (LDI-MSI) is one of the most promising methods. The high spatial resolution stigmatic LDI-MSI with MULTUM-IMG2 in the direct analysis of organic light-emitting diodes was shown to obtain a detailed mass image of organic material in the degraded area after air exposure.

Measuring shear-wave speed with point shear-wave elastography and MR elastography: a phantom study.

Objectives: To compare shear-wave speed (SWS) measured by ultrasound-based point shear-wave elastography (pSWE) and MR elastography (MRE) on phantoms with a known shear modulus, and to assess method validity and variability.

Methods: 5 homogeneous phantoms of different stiffnesses were made. Shear modulus was measured by a rheometer, and this value was used as the standard.

Effect of radial meniscal tear on in situ forces of meniscus and tibiofemoral relationship.

Purpose: To clarify the effect of the radial tear of the lateral meniscus on the in situ meniscus force and the tibiofemoral relationship under axial loads and valgus torques.

Methods: Ten intact porcine knees were settled to a 6-degree of freedom robotic system, while the force and 3-dimensional path of the knees were recorded via Universal Force Sensor (UFS) during 3 cycles of 250-N axial load and 5-Nm valgus torque at 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° of knee flexion. The same examination was performed on the following 3 meniscal states sequentially; 33, 66, and 100% width of radial tears at the middle segment of the lateral meniscus, while recording the force and path of the knees via UFS.

The synchronized trial on expectant mothers with depressive symptoms by omega-3 PUFAs (SYNCHRO): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Maternal depression can be harmful to both mothers and their children. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation has been investigated as an alternative intervention for pregnant women with depressive symptoms because of the supporting evidence from clinical trials in major depression, the safety advantage, and its anti-inflammatory and neuroplasticity effects. This study examines the efficacy of omega-3 PUFA supplementation for pregnant women with depressive symptoms in Taiwan and Japan, to provide evidence available for Asia.

Randomised controlled trial of long-term maintenance corticosteroid therapy in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis.

Objective: Corticosteroid has been established as the standard therapy for autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), but the requirement for maintenance corticosteroid therapy is controversial. We conducted a randomised controlled trial to clarify the efficacy of maintenance corticosteroid therapy in patients with AIP.

Design: We conducted a multicentre, tertiary setting, randomised controlled trial.

Synthesis of Nanovesicular Glutathione Peroxidase Mimics with a Selenenylsulfide-Bearing Lipid.

In this article, we describe the development of a nanosized-glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mimic based on liposomes of which the amphiphilic selenenylsulfide derivative (R-Se-S-R') was incorporated into a lipid membrane. A lipid membrane-compatible selenenylsulfide derivative, 1-oxo-headecyl-seleno-l-cysteine-methyl--yl--l-penicillamine methyl ester (OHSeP), was synthesized. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the sulfur and selenium atoms of the OHSeP molecule formed a selenenylsulfide linkage.

Normal lactate concentration range in the neonatal brain.

Objective: Lactate peaks are occasionally observed during in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) scans of the neonatal brain, even in healthy patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the normal range of neonatal brain lactate concentration, as a definitive normal range would be clinically valuable.

Methods: Using a clinical 3T scanner (echo/repetition times, 30/5000ms), single-voxel MRS data were obtained from the basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CS) in 48 healthy neonates (postconceptional age (PCA), 30-43weeks), nine infants (age, 1-12months old), and 20 children (age, 4-15years).

Semiconductor Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Ferricyanide/Ferrocyanide Redox Electrolyte Reaching an Open Circuit Photovoltage of 0.8 V.

Semiconductor quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) have rapidly been developed, and their efficiency has recently exceeded 9%. Their performances have mainly been achieved by focusing on improving short circuit photocurrent employing polysulfide electrolytes. However, the increase of open circuit photovoltage (VOC) cannot be expected with QDSSCs based on the polysulfide electrolytes owing to their relatively negative redox potential (around -0.

Ultraflexible organic photonic skin.

Thin-film electronics intimately laminated onto the skin imperceptibly equip the human body with electronic components for health-monitoring and information technologies. When electronic devices are worn, the mechanical flexibility and/or stretchability of thin-film devices helps to minimize the stress and discomfort associated with wear because of their conformability and softness. For industrial applications, it is important to fabricate wearable devices using processing methods that maximize throughput and minimize cost.