The effect of resistance training on functional capacity in middle-aged to elderly individuals with peripheral artery disease: a meta-analysis.

Introduction: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an ischemic disease of the lower limbs, caused by atherosclerotic plaques, leading to impairments in functional capacity and reduced quality of life. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of 12-week and 24-week resistance training (RT) interventions on 6-minute walking distance (6WMD) and initial claudication distance (ICD) measured during a 6-minute walk test (6MWT).

Evidence Acquisition: A meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, with an electronic search conducted using the online database of PUBMED.

Surimi-like protein ingredient from porcine spleen as lean meat replacer in emulsion-type sausages.

The aim of this work was to assess the influence of a porcine spleen surimi-like protein ingredient as pork meat replacer in emulsified cooked meat products (frankfurter-type sausages). The effects of the addition of porcine spleen protein isolate (SPI) in substitution of lean meat at concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% on the physicochemical characteristics, microstructure, textural, and sensorial properties of the sausages were investigated. The addition of SPI did not affect the emulsion stability of raw meat batters nor the proximate composition of the cooked sausages, provided that sausages are formulated considering the differences in protein and fat content between pork meat and spleen protein fraction.

Clinical and genetic features of Argentinian children with diabetes-onset before 12months of age: Successful transfer from insulin to oral sulfonylurea.

Aims: Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare monogenic disorder, reported to affect less than 2 cases per 100,000 infants. There are two types, permanent (PNDM) and transient (TNDM). We describe our clinical experience in determining and comparing the genetic basis of diabetes in children with onset before 6months versus those diagnosed between 6 and 12months of age.

Smart alerts: development of software to optimize data monitoring.

Background And Objectives: Monitoring is useful for vital follow-ups and prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of several events in anesthesia. Although alarms can be useful in monitoring they can cause dangerous user's desensitization. The objective of this study was to describe the development of specific software to integrate intraoperative monitoring parameters generating "smart alerts" that can help decision making, besides indicating possible diagnosis and treatment.

Effects of the imidazoline ligands efaroxan and KU14R on blood glucose homeostasis in the mouse.

The putative imidazoline I(3) receptor antagonist 2-(2-ethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan-2-yl)-1H-imidazole (KU14R) has been shown to block the effects of the atypical I(3) agonist efaroxan at the level of the ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channel in isolated pancreatic islet beta cells, but its effects in vivo are not known. We have therefore investigated the effects of KU14R on blood glucose and insulin level in vivo. When KU14R was administered before or after a hypoglycaemic dose of efaroxan, the fall in blood glucose was at least additive.

Total salivary IgA, serum C3c and IgA in obese school children.

Studies of the immunologic function in adult obese humans and experimental models indicate that excess adiposity is associated with impairments in host defense mechanisms. The aim of this work was to analyze the secretory and humoral immune system in obese children (n = 105, 55 boys, 50 girls ), between 6 and 13 years of age. Samples of non-stimulated saliva and whole blood were collected from fasting patients.

Evidence that the novel imidazoline compound FT005 is an alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist.

1: The aim of this study was to determine whether the hyperglycaemic action of the novel imidazoline compound FT005 could be mediated by activation of alpha(2)-adrenoceptors, using a variety of in vivo and in vitro methods including radioligand binding. 2: FT005 produced a dose-dependent increase in blood glucose levels of CBA/Ca mice (0.125-25 mg kg(-1), i.

Effects of acute and chronic ethanol administration on the response of mouse adipose tissue hormone-sensitive lipase to alpha(2)-adrenoceptor activation bu UK 14304.

Untreated (control) obese CBA mice had lower hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) activity and cAMP levels in brown adipose tissue than normal lean mice, but white adipose tissue HSL activity and cAMP were similar in obese and lean mice. In the obese mice, chronic ethanol treatment increased HSL activity and cAMP levels in both brown and white adipose tissue to above the levels in lean mice. In the lean mice, chronic ethanol only stimulated white adipose tissue.

Effect of acute and sub-chronic administration of the imidazoline compound S 22068 on in vivo glucose and insulin responses in normal lean CBA/Ca mice.

Acute S 22068 (24 mg/kg po) improved glucose tolerance and increased insulin sensitivity, assessed as the acute blood glucose response to exogenous insulin. The same acute dose did not stimulate insulin secretion or induce hypoglycemia in fed animals. Comparison of acute S 22068 to equipotent doses (with respect to effect on glucose tolerance) of gliclazide (2 mg/kg) and metformin (60 mg/kg) found S 22068 to be similar to metformin with respect to its effects on basal glucose levels (BGL) and insulin sensitivity.

Changes in adipose tissue hormone-sensitive lipase activity and cAMP during ethanol withdrawal.

The time course of the effects of ethanol withdrawal on brown and white adipose tissue hormone-sensitive lipase, cAMP production, and phosphodiesterase have been investigated after chronic drinking or liquid diet schedules. Chronic drinking significantly reduced brown adipose tissue hormone-sensitive lipase activity and cAMP levels from control. During withdrawal, there was a rebound increase to 200% control, peaking 9 h into withdrawal.

Sustained improvement in glucose homeostasis in lean and obese mice following chronic administration of the beta 3 agonist SR 58611A.

1. Acute SR 58611A (0.25 mg kg-1), was effective in reducing the blood glucose response to a glucose tolerance test (GTT) in normal lean (control) and spontaneously obese/diabetic CBA/Ca mice and to be equipotent to 1.

A simple acute in vivo comparative test for sensitivity to insulin in the mouse.

A method is described for measuring the acute blood glucose response to an insulin challenge which requires only 6 samples of 20 microl of blood collected over a 4 hour period. This evaluation of sensitivity to insulin was validated by comparing the effects of gliclazide, metformin and a novel antidiabetic imidazoline compound (S22068) on the blood glucose response. The test distinguished between the insulin-secreting and hypoglycaemic action of gliclazide and the insulin-sensitizing actions of metformin and S22068.

Vascular surgical society of great britain and ireland: patients with a failed infrainguinal bypass graft have abnormal lipid metabolism.

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidaemias adversely affect vascular tone, endothelial function and platelet activation. Abnormal lipid metabolism has not been established as a risk factor for infrainguinal bypass graft failure. Lipid metabolism was evaluated prospectively in patients with patent and occluded grafts.

Diurnal variation in plasma ethanol levels of TO and CBA mice on chronic ethanol drinking or ethanol liquid diet schedules.

Diurnal variation in blood and plasma ethanol levels (BACs) has been observed in animals undergoing chronic ethanol treatment, but the information available is insufficient to determine whether the different patterns seen are due to differences in ethanol administration schedules or to strain of the animal. In this study, we have compared plasma ethanol levels in males of two mouse strains with no innate preference for ethanol, TO and CBA, during two commonly employed chronic ethanol treatment schedules. Ethanol was administered in solution as sole drink (CED) (10% or 20% w/v ethanol) for 4 weeks, or in liquid diet form (ELD), (3.

Lack of inhibition of human plasma cholinesterase and red cell acetylcholinesterase by antimony compounds including stibine.

1. The toxic gas hypothesis proposes exposure to stibine (antimony trihydride) generated from microbial contamination of cot mattress materials as a possible cause of unexplained death in infancy (SIDS) as a consequence of cholinesterase inhibition. We have measured the direct effects of antimony compounds including stibine on the activity of plasma cholinesterase, red blood cell acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and mouse neuronal AChE in vitro.

Dose-dependent effects of chronic ethanol on mouse adipose tissue lipase activity and cyclic AMP accumulation.

1. The effects of two chronic ethanol treatment schedules, which produce different plasma ethanol concentrations, on the specific activities of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) have been investigated in brown and white fat. 2.

Chronic ethanol consumption ameliorates the maturity-onset diabetes-obesity syndrome in CBA mice.

The effects of a chronic ethanol drinking schedule (20% solution for 6 weeks) on energy balance and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism have been investigated in lean (32-36 g) and obese-diabetic (40-44 g) CBA/Ca mice. The untreated obese-diabetic mice exhibited hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hyper-insulinaemia and insulin resistance. The chronic ethanol treatment, which yielded plasma ethanol levels of between 1 and 11 mM, lowered the blood glucose, plasma insulin and triacylglycerol levels towards normal in the obese mice, but did not affect these parameters in the lean mice.

Selective activation of brown adipocyte hormone-sensitive lipase and cAMP production in the mouse by beta 3-adrenoceptor agonists.

Acute injection of either noradrenaline or isoprenaline in mice activated both brown (BAT) and white (WAT) adipose tissue hormone-sensitive lipase activity (HSL). Dose-response studies indicated that isoprenaline (0.05-0.

[MELAS syndrome: clinical, pathological and neuroimaging study].

The form of presentation of a new case of Melas Syndrome is described, together with a pathological and neuroimage study, including clinical development over a 3 year period. The usefulness of MR should be underlined here, given clinical doubts, and also normality in the EMG early phases of and the association with obstructive hypertrophic miocardiopathy.

Pancreatic islet hypertrophy in spontaneous maturity onset obese-diabetic CBA/Ca mice.

Mature male CBA/Ca mice develop a spontaneous mild diabetes-obesity syndrome which is characterized by hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance, and resembles human Type II diabetes mellitus. Immunocytochemical staining of pancreas sections for insulin showed that the pancreas from mature obese mice possessed significantly enlarged islets compared to those from age-matched control (lean) mice. The pancreatic insulin content was significantly greater in 24-week-old obese mice (1.

Pharmacological treatments for alcohol dependence and withdrawal--an historical perspective.

In an article published in 1984 Teeling-Smith referred to pharmacological treatments for alcohol problems as a challenge to pharmaceutical innovation. This challenge still exists and seems most likely to be met by the application of drugs developed for some other purpose to the treatment of alcohol abuse, rather than the empirical development of drugs for treating alcohol abuse per se. The papers which follow in this symposium enlarge upon some of the areas covered in this brief survey.