From Control to Chaos: Visual-Cognitive Progression During Recovery from ACL Reconstruction.

Anterior cruciate ligament tear is a serious knee injury with implications for central nervous system (CNS) plasticity. To perform simple knee movements, people with a history of ACL reconstruction (ACL-R) engage cross-modal brain regions and when challenged with cognitive-motor dual-tasks, physical performance deteriorates. Therefore, people with ACL-R may increase visual-cognitive neural processes for motor control.

Progressing On-Court Rehabilitation After Injury: The Control-Chaos Continuum Adapted to Basketball.

Sport-specific training is an integral component of returning to sport following injury. Frameworks designed to guide sport-specific rehabilitation need to integrate and adapt to the specific context of elite sport. The control-chaos continuum (CCC) is a flexible framework originally designed for on-pitch rehabilitation in elite football (soccer).

Interchangeability of optical tracking technologies: potential overestimation of the sprint running load demands in the English Premier League.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement between match-derived running load outputs; total distance (TD), high-speed running (HSR) and sprint distance (SPR) obtained by two optical tracking systems.

Methods: Data were collected from 31 elite footballers from the first team and under-21 squads of an English Premier League (EPL) football club across three competitive matches. One EPL game (game 2) and one under-21 Premier League game (game 3) were played at the team's home stadium and one EPL game (game 1) at an away venue.

Return to sport and beyond following intramuscular tendon hamstring injury: A case report of an English Premier League football player.

Background: Hamstring strain injuries are the most common type of injury in elite football and are associated with a high risk of reinjury, particularly those involving the intramuscular tendon (IMT). Limited information is available regarding the rehabilitation and return to sport (RTS) processes following such injuries. This case study describes the clinical presentation of an elite football player following IMT hamstring injury, their on- and off-pitch rehabilitation alongside performance monitoring throughout RTS and beyond.

Detraining of specific neuromuscular qualities in elite footballers during COVID-19 quarantine.

The COVID-19 pandemic forced elite football leagues into extended breaks followed by prompt resumption of competition. Inadequate periods of on-pitch football-specific training may underlie the increased injury incidence reported following restart in a non-peer reviewed report. Detraining effects from isolated training are expected, but existing models do not completely describe the unprecedented conditions imposed by COVID-19.

Contextual considerations using the 'control-chaos continuum' for return to sport in elite football - Part 1: Load planning.

The 'control-chaos continnum' is an adaptable framework developed to guide the on-pitch rehabilitation process in elite football. One of the key objectives of the continuum is to progressively return players to their preinjury chronic running load, while incorporating the qualitative aspects of movement and cognitive stresses integral to competitive match-play. Whilst injury and player-specific considerations are key to an individualised rehabilitation approach, a host of contextual factors also play an important role in return to sport (RTS) planning.

Physical preparation and return to performance of an elite female football player following ACL reconstruction: a journey to the FIFA Women's World Cup.

ACL injuries are among the most severe knee injuries in elite sport, with a high injury burden and re-injury risk. Despite extensive literature on the injury and the higher incidence of injury and re-injury in female athletes, there is limited evidence on the return to sport (RTS) of elite female football players following ACL reconstruction (ACLR). RTS is best viewed on a continuum aligning the recovery and rehabilitation process with the ultimate aim - a return to performance (RTP).

Drill design using the 'control-chaos continuum': Blending science and art during return to sport following knee injury in elite football.

Establishing the level of risk, planning and adapting the return to sport (RTS) process following a complex knee injury involves drawing on a combination of relevant high-quality evidence and practitioner experience. On-pitch rehabilitation is a critical element of this process, providing an effective transition from rehabilitation to team training. The 'control-chaos continuum' (CCC) is an adaptable framework for on-pitch rehabilitation moving from high control to high chaos, progressively increasing running load demands and incorporating greater perceptual and neurocognitive challenges within sport-specific drills.

Managing the return to sport of the elite footballer following semimembranosus reconstruction.

Hamstring strains are the most common injury in elite football and typically occur during high-speed running. Despite its important contribution to power production in the late swing phase, injury to the semimembranosus (SM) is less common than to the biceps femoris, but may involve the free tendon and depending on the degree of retraction, warrant surgical repair. Few case reports detail clinical reasoning, supported by objective data during rehabilitation in elite footballers, and none have described the return to sport (RTS) process following this type of hamstring injury.

Physical preparation and return to sport of the football player with a tibia-fibula fracture: applying the 'control-chaos continuum'.

Contact in elite football can result in severe injury such as traumatic fracture. Limited information exists regarding the rehabilitation and return to sport (RTS) of these injuries especially in elite football. We outline the RTS of an elite English Premier League footballer following a tibia-fibula fracture including gym-based physical preparation and the use of 'control-chaos continuum' as a framework for on-pitch sport-specific conditioning, development of technical skills while returning the player to pre-injury chronic running loads considering the qualitative nature of movement in competition.

Isometric Posterior Chain Peak Force Recovery Response Following Match-Play in Elite Youth Soccer Players: Associations with Relative Posterior Chain Strength.

The purpose of this study was to determine changes in two tests of lower limb isometric posterior chain force (IPC-F) following 90 min of match-play in elite youth soccer players and the interaction between relative strength and recovery profile. 14 players (age: 16 ± 2 years) performed 3 × 3 second IPC-F tests unilaterally at 30° and 90° of knee and hip flexion pre- and post-match, +24 h, +48 h, and +72 h post-match. Peak force was recorded for both limbs, combined and expressed relative to bodyweight (N/kg).

[Palliative sedation: Current situation and areas of improvement].

Objective: To determine the prevalence, epidemiology and registration status of palliative sedation (PS) prevalence in a teaching hospital, and to establish areas for improvement.

Methods: A descriptive retrospective analysis was designed using the records from cancer patients who died between October and December 2010. The variables included were: epidemiological, inpatient unit, refractory symptom, drugs and dosages, and patient participation in the decision making process.

Basin-scale phenology and effects of climate variability on global timing of initial seaward migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

Migrations between different habitats are key events in the lives of many organisms. Such movements involve annually recurring travel over long distances usually triggered by seasonal changes in the environment. Often, the migration is associated with travel to or from reproduction areas to regions of growth.

A bifunctional role for group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 in human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocyte arachidonic acid metabolism.

Human group IIA-secreted phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)-IIA) is an important regulator of cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses in both in vitro and in vivo models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, treatment of RA patients with sPLA(2)-IIA inhibitors shows only transient benefit. Using an activity-impaired sPLA(2)-IIA mutant protein (H48Q), we show that up-regulation of TNF-dependent PGE(2) production and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induction by exogenous sPLA(2)-IIA in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) is independent of its enzyme function.

Overlapping gene expression profiles in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes induced by the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor.

Objective And Design: The development of therapies directed against TNF alpha and IL-1 beta has underscored the importance of these cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, oligonucleotide microarrays were used to identify novel transcriptional events mediated by TNF alpha and IL-1 beta.

Methods: In this study we have used Affymetrix U95A GeneChips representing 12,600 full-length human genes to identify transcriptional events mediated by these cytokines.

Modification of hormonal responses to arginine by alpha-adrenergic blockade.

alpha-Adrenergic blockade with phentolamine significantly enhances the insulin response to arginine. In women phentolamine may inhibit the growth hormone response to arginine. It is suggested that adrenergic mechanisms may act as modulators in hormonal responses to infused amino-acid.