Nigerian medicinal plants with potential anticancer activity-a review.

Despite the fact that life expectancies are increasing and the burden of infectious diseases is decreasing, global cancer incidence rates are on the rise. Cancer outcome metrics are dismal for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including sub-Saharan Africa, where adequate resources and infrastructure for cancer care and control are lacking. Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, exemplifies the miserable situation.

Genistein in focus: pharmacological effects and immune pathway modulation in cancer.

Cancer is a significant global health concern, responsible for mortality and morbidity of individuals. It is characterized by uncontrolled cellular growth, tumor formation, and potential metastasis. The immune system is pivotal in recognizing and eliminating cancerous cells, with immune cells such as T cells, B cells, natural killer cells (NK), and dendritic cells playing critical roles.

Translating molecular insights into clinical success: alkaloid-based therapies for leukemia.

Alkaloids, a diverse class of naturally occurring compounds, have shown significant potential in the treatment of leukemia by targeting key molecular pathways and cellular mechanisms. This review discusses several potent alkaloids, such as homoharringtonine, chaetominine, matrine, and jerantinine B, which induce apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy and inhibit signaling pathways including PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, and NF-κB. For instance, homoharringtonine induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells via the SP1/TET1/5hmC/FLT3/MYC axis, while chaetominine enhances chemosensitivity by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway.

Nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of lemongrass essential oil and citral on diclofenac-induced toxicity in mice.

The present study was carried out to evaluate and compare the protective potential of two well-known antioxidants of herbal origin in a mouse model of acute DIC-induced nephro- and hepatotoxicity. The tested antioxidants included lemongrass essential oil (LO) and its predominant bioactive constituent citral (CIT). A third herbal product, silymarin (SILY), was used as a reference hepato-renal protective agent.

Unlocking daidzein's healing power: Present applications and future possibilities in phytomedicine.

Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and a great threat to people around the world. Cancer treatment modalities include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, radiochemotherapy, hormone therapy, and immunotherapy. The best approach is to use a combination of several types.

Revolutionizing non-melanoma skin cancer treatment: Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors take the stage.

Background: Innovative treatments for non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are required to enhance patient outcomes.

Aims: This review examines the effectiveness and safety of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs).

Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted on the treatment potential of several RTKIs, namely cetuximab, erlotinib, gefitinib, panitumumab, and lapatinib.

The role of IL-2 cytokine family in asthma.

Background: The interleukin-2 (IL-2) family of cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21, are pivotal regulators of the immune response, impacting both innate and adaptive immunity. Understanding their molecular characteristics, receptor interactions, and signalling pathways is essential for elucidating their roles in health and disease.

Objectives: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the IL-2 family of cytokines, highlighting their molecular biology, receptor interactions, and signalling mechanisms.

The Application of Nanotechnological Therapeutic Platforms against Gynecological Cancers.

Gynecological cancers (GCs), ovarian, cervical, and endometrial/uterine cancers, are often associated with poor outcomes. Despite the development of several therapeutic modalities against GCs, the effectiveness of the current therapeutic approaches is limited due to their side effects, low therapeutic index, short halflife, and resistance to therapy. To overcome these limitations, nano delivery-based approaches have been introduced with the potential of targeted delivery, reduced toxicity, controlled release, and improved bioavailability of various cargos.

A comprehensive review of oral microenvironment changes and orofacial adverse reactions after COVID-19 vaccination: The good, the bad, and the ugly.

Background And Aims: Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have the potential to alter several biological systems concurrently with remolding the immune system, most of which are related to immunization, while some others are known as adverse effects. This review aims to explore the potential effects of vaccination on the oral microenvironment and classifies them as good, bad, or ugly, with a brief review of facial diseases following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination.

Methods: This study was a comprehensive review conducted through searching related articles in Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases.

RNA therapeutics for kidney injury.

RNA therapy involves utilizing RNA-based molecules to control biological pathways, aiming to cure specific diseases. As our understanding of RNA functions and their roles has expanded, the application of RNA therapies has broadened to target various therapeutic points. This approach holds promise for treating a range of diseases, including kidney diseases.

Phytostilbenes in lymphoma: Focuses on the mechanistic and clinical prospects of resveratrol, pterostilbene, piceatannol, and pinosylvin.

Lymphoma is a cancer affecting the lymphatic system that fights infections and diseases. In addition to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, novel approaches have recently been investigated, such as phytostilbenes in treating lymphoma. Phytostilbenes are natural compounds present in various plants and have been shown to have different therapeutic effects, including anticancer properties.

Types of RNA therapeutics.

RNA therapy is one of the new treatments using small RNA molecules to target and regulate gene expression. It involves the application of synthetic or modified RNA molecules to inhibit the expression of disease-causing genes specifically. In other words, it silences genes and suppresses the transcription process.

An integrated approach based on HFE-D, GIS techniques, GQI, and statistical analysis for the assessment of potential seawater intrusion: coastal multilayered aquifer of Ghaemshahr-Juybar (Mazandaran, Iran).

The overexploitation of coastal aquifers is one of the important reasons for the salinity of groundwater due to seawater intrusion (SWI). This study assesses the hydrochemical changes of the Ghaemshahr-Juybar (GH.-J.

Comparing quality of life, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, and associated factors in vitiligo and alopecia areata patients.

Introduction And Objectives: Vitiligo and alopecia areata (AA) are two autoimmune skin diseases that affect patients' quality of life (QoL) and give rise to psychosocial complications, such as depression, negative self-image, less joyful social engagements, and low self-esteem. These two disorders have common and uncommon characteristics. Therefore, in this study, we tried to evaluate the similarities and differences in the psychological parameters including quality of life, sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression levels between, vitiligo and AA patients.

Emerging functions and significance of circCDYL in human disorders.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of non-coding transcripts in which a loop structure is shaped via a back splicing procedure. They have central roles in the regulation of gene expression. hsa_circ_0008285, alternatively named as circCDYL, is a circular RNA originated from the exon 4 of CDYL gene.

Pivotal role of permeability-glycoprotein in absorption of praziquantel into Dicrocoelium dendriticum parasite.

Dicrocoelium dendriticum affects the livers of ruminants and causes several deleterious effects on animal health status. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp) in absorption of praziquantel (PZQ) into D. dendriticum flukes by co-incubation with verapamil (VPL), an inhibitor of P-gp, under in vitro conditions.

toxicity of combination of amitraz and carvacrol on .

Background: Canine generalized demodicosis is an inflammatory skin disease, which usually has time-consuming and frustrating treatments.

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the acaricidal activity of carvacrol as a green drug and a combination of carvacrol and amitraz on mites and investigate mites' survival lifetime.

Methods: Mite samples were collected from a dog affected by demodicosis and had been diagnosed with deep skin scrapings.

Evaluation of Palm Print Sign and Prayer Sign in Prediction of Difficult Laryngoscopy in Diabetic Patients.

Background: Laryngoscopy or endotracheal intubation in diabetic patients due to impaired mobility of the Atlanto-occipital joint owing to non-enzymatic glycosylation in connective tissue has always been a problem. A difficult laryngoscopy can disrupt the intubation process; therefore, it is valuable to predict difficult laryngoscopy using some anatomical criteria before general anesthesia.

Objectives: The present study discussed the diagnostic value of two tests, palm print sign and prayer sign, in the prediction of laryngoscopy difficulty.

The effect of Allium saralicum R. M. Fritsch nanocapsules in yogurt on type 2 diabetes in male rats: physicochemical characterization and pharmacodynamics assessment.

To treat illness, people are increasingly turning to natural foods rather than pharmaceuticals. Herbal extracts with antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties could be a good alternative for treating diabetes. The purpose of this study was to look into the effects of ethanol extraction on the Morphology of liver cells and hyperglycemia in rats of Allium saralicum RM Fritsch nanocapsules based on chitosan incorporated with yogurt.

Dietary Supplementation with Eugenol Nanoemulsion Alleviates the Negative Effects of Experimental Coccidiosis on Broiler Chicken's Health and Growth Performance.

The present study investigated the protective efficacy of dietary supplementation with clove essential oil (CEO), its main constituent eugenol (EUG), and their nanoformulated emulsions (Nano-CEO and Nano-EUG) against experimental coccidiosis in broiler chickens. To this aim, various parameters (oocyst number per gram of excreta (OPG), daily weight gain (DWG), daily feed intake (DFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum concentrations of total proteins (TP), albumin (ALB), globulins (GLB), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHO) and glucose (GLU), serum activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione s-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] were compared among groups receiving CEO supplemented feed (CEO), Nano-CEO supplemented feed (Nano-CEO), EUG supplemented feed (EUG), Nano-EUG supplemented feed (Nano-EUG), diclazuril supplemented feed (standard treatment, ST), or basal diet [diseased control (d-CON) and healthy control (h-CON)), from days 1-42. Chickens of all groups, except h-CON, were challenged with mixed spp.

Effects of incorporating zinc oxide and graphene oxide nanoparticles on abrasion, translucency, and microhardness of flowable composite resin: .

Background: Zinc oxide (ZnO) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles (NPs) have antimicrobial properties. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of incorporating these NPs and their chemical and physical blends on abrasion, translucency, and microhardness of flowable composite resin.

Materials And Methods: In the present study, flowable composite resin samples (Grandio Flow, VOCO, Germany) were evaluated in 5 groups and the sample size was 10 for each group of each experiment ( = 10) as follows: Group 1, without NPs; Group 2, with ZnO NPs; Group 3, with GO NPs; Group 4, containing a physical mixture of GO and ZnO; and Group 5, containing a chemical mixture of GO and ZnO NPs.

Laboratory and field efficacy of terpene combinations (carvacrol, thymol and menthol) against the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae).

In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of combinations of the terpenes carvacrol, thymol, and menthol on Dermanyssus gallinae under in vitro (direct contact and vapour efficacy assays) and in-use conditions. Combinations investigated in vitro included carvacrol-menthol, thymol-menthol, carvacrol-thymol, and carvacrol-thymol-menthol. Results from contact efficacy studies showed that carvacrol-thymol-menthol was the most efficacious compared to the other combinations (P < 0.

Pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of levamisole in Ascaridia galli experimentally infected ducks.

This study investigated the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of levamisole (LVS) after intravenous (i.v.) and oral administrations to healthy and Ascaridia galli-infected ducks by developing an infection model.

Anxiolytic-like effects of citral in the mouse elevated plus maze: involvement of GABAergic and serotonergic transmissions.

Citral, a monoterpene which is a part of the essential oil of several medicinal plants, is generally regarded as safe for human and animal consumption. Studies have introduced citral as a functional component of some essential oils in anxiolytic and antidepressant therapies; however, the neuropharmacological characteristics of citral have not yet been reported. In the present study, we evaluated the anxiolytic activities of citral in comparison to two standard anxiolytics, diazepam and buspirone, in Swiss albino mice by intraperitoneal administration of 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg using elevated plus maze (EPM) and open-field test (OFT).

Soil Inoculation With Beneficial Microbes Buffers Negative Drought Effects on Biomass, Nutrients, and Water Relations of Common Myrtle.

Common myrtle ( L.) occurs in (semi-)arid areas of the Palearctic region where climate change, over-exploitation, and habitat destruction imperil its existence. The evergreen shrub is of great economic and ecological importance due to its pharmaceutical value, ornamental use, and its role in urban greening and habitat restoration initiatives.