Sox9 downregulation in non-obstructive azoospermia by UTF1 and mediator role of POU5F1.

Background: Spermatogenesis is the process of producing mature sperm from Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and this process requires a complex cooperation of different types of somatic and germ cells. Undifferentiated spermatogonia initiate the spermatogenesis and Sertoli cells as the only somatic cells inside of the seminiferous tubule play a key role in providing chemical and physical requirements for normal spermatogenesis, here, we investigated the dysfunction of these cells in non-obstructive azoospermia.

Material And Method: In this study, we analyzed the expression of sox9 and UTF1 in the non-obstructive human testis by immunohistochemistry.

New approaches for developing biomarkers of hormonal contraceptive use.

To identify biomarkers of hormonal contraceptive (HC) use in urine and saliva, we conducted a pilot study with 30 women initiating levonorgestrel (LNG) containing combined oral contraceptives (COCs) or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) (15/group). Based on established COC pharmacokinetics, we collected serum and urine samples before COC ingestion and during Days one and three of use, or before DMPA injection and on Days 21 and 60 post-injection. We used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure serum/urine LNG and MPA.

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV of the Vespa velutina nigrithorax venom is recognized as a relevant allergen.

Background: Vespa velutina nigrithorax (VVN), typically known as the Asian yellow-legged wasp, has been one of the most significant invasive species in western Europe since 2010. Currently, VVN has become the most prevalent cause of Hymenoptera anaphylaxis in the north and northwestern Spain. For this reason, it is crucial to diagnose anaphylaxis cases in the acute moment for carrying out the best available treatment as soon as possible.

Changes in the Sensitization Pattern to Allergens in Patients Treated with Alt a 1 Immunotherapy.

is the most important allergenic fungus, with up to 20% of allergic patients affected. The sensitization profile of patients sensitized to and how it changes when treated with immunotherapy is not known. Our objective is to determine the allergen recognition pattern of allergic patients to and to study its association to the parameters studied in a clinical trial recently published.

Integration of in vitro allergy test results and ratio analysis for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic patients (INTEGRA).

The introduction of molecular diagnosis into routine clinical practice has substantially improved the diagnosis and management of allergic patients by allowing clinicians to precisely identify the allergenic molecule responsible for immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergies. However, it can be challenging to accurately interpret the results of molecular assays, partly due to the limited evidence base. In this context, a panel of experts with extensive experience in interpreting in vitro measures of total and serum specific IgE reviewed the available scientific evidence.

Validation of novel recipes for masking peanuts in double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges.

Background: Double-blind, placebo-controlled oral food challenges are the gold standard in food allergy diagnosis. Nevertheless, proper masking of peanuts is particularly complex owing to their intense flavor and odor. Thus, it is important to use validated recipes to ensure their adequate masking during oral food challenges.

Oral immunotherapy in severe cow's milk allergic patients treated with omalizumab: Real life survey from a Spanish registry.

Background: Oral immunotherapy is a frequent treatment for the management of food allergies, but adverse events (AE) are common. This study assessed the outcome of cow's milk oral immunotherapy (MOIT) in severe cow`s milk-allergic patients treated with omalizumab in a real-life setting.

Methods: OmaBASE was a national, multicenter, open, and observational registry that collected clinical, immunologic, and treatment from patients with food allergy receiving omalizumab.

Recent Advances in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy as Treatment for Allergic Asthma: A Practical Overview.

The Global Initiative for Asthma Report updated in 2019 stated that potential benefits of allergen immunotherapy (AIT), compared to pharmacological and avoidance options, must be weighed against the risk of adverse effects and the inconvenience and cost of the prolonged course of therapy in asthma. Thus, with the aim of clarifying some aspects with regard to the possible use of AIT in allergic asthma treatment armamentarium, a group of expert allergists from the Spanish Allergy and Clinical Immunology Scientific Society (SEAIC), particularly from the Immunotherapy and Asthma Interest Groups developed a frequently asked questions in clinical practice. This document updates relevant topics on the use of AIT in asthma and could facilitate physician clinical decisions and improve health outcomes for individual patients.

Decision-making for pediatric allergy immunotherapy for aeroallergens: a narrative review.

There has been exciting progress in diagnosis and in the treatment of allergic patients. The objective of this review is to summarize the most relevant contributions in the past 10 years with a special focus on the pediatric population allergic to aeroallergens and provide the most relevant references and practical issues for the decision-making. Current guidelines on allergy diagnosis recommend a thorough clinical history as the first step, followed by allergen extract testing using an in vivo prick test and/or an in vitro specific IgE test.

Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of allergen-specific immunotherapy with the major allergen Alt a 1.

Background: There have been few studies conducted on the efficacy and safety of specific immunotherapy with allergen extracts of fungi compared with other allergen extracts, and there are no data on the major allergen Alt a 1 of the fungus Alternaria alternata.

Objectives: We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy with 2 different doses of Alt a 1 in patients with rhinoconjunctivitis caused by sensitization to A alternata.

Method: We performed a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with Alt a 1 administered subcutaneously in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis with or without controlled asthma aged 12 to 65 years.

Quality Standards for Allergen Immunotherapy Clinics in Spain: Consensus Document.

Background And Objective: Allergen immunotherapy clinics (AITCs) in Spain differ widely in terms of structure, organization, resources, and portfolio of services. Therefore, it is essential to unify treatment criteria and define quality standards for the most complex AITCs. Objective: To establish a series of recommendations that make it possible to guarantee quality and safety in the administration of immunotherapy and define quality standards for the most complex AITCs.

Specific allergen immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic asthma: a review of current evidence.

Asthma is frequently associated with atopy, characterized by the production of specific immunoglobulin E in response to environmental allergens. Currently, two types of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) are used in clinical practice: subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy, both accepted as key components of the therapeutic repertoire for allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. However, their role in asthma remains controversial.

Allergy immunotherapy across the life cycle to promote active and healthy ageing: from research to policies: An AIRWAYS Integrated Care Pathways (ICPs) programme item (Action Plan B3 of the European Innovation Partnership on active and healthy ageing) and the Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD), a World Health Organization GARD research demonstration project.

Allergic diseases often occur early in life and persist throughout life. This life-course perspective should be considered in allergen immunotherapy. In particular it is essential to understand whether this al treatment may be used in old age adults.

The European Survey on Adverse Systemic Reactions in Allergen Immunotherapy (EASSI): A paediatric assessment.

Background: Safety data on 'real-life' allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in children and adolescents is usually extrapolated from studies in adults.

Methods: Patients aged 18 or under initiating aeroallergen AIT were evaluated in a prospective European survey. Patient profiles and systemic reactions (SRs) were recorded.

Evidence in immunotherapy for paediatric respiratory allergy: Advances and recommendations.

Allergic respiratory diseases are major health problems in paediatric population due their high level of prevalence and chronicity, and to their relevance in the costs and quality of life. One of the most important risk factors for the development of airway diseases in children and adolescents is atopy. The mainstays for the treatment of these diseases are avoiding allergens, controlling symptoms, and preventing them through sustained desensitization by allergen immunotherapy (AIT).

European Survey on Adverse Systemic Reactions in Allergen Immunotherapy (EASSI): a real-life clinical assessment.

Background: Outside clinical trials, data on systemic reactions (SRs) due to allergen immunotherapy (AIT) are scarce.

Methods: A prospective, longitudinal, web-based survey of 'real-life' respiratory allergen immunotherapy (AIT) clinical practice was conducted in France, Germany and Spain. SRs were recorded and coded according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) and risk factors associated with SRs were identified.

Variation in allergen content in sublingual allergen immunotherapy with house dust mites.

Background: Allergen immunotherapy is a treatment modality which can be applied using different vaccines. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the allergen content of different house dust mites (HDM)' sublingual treatments and to review the evidence on their efficacy.

Methods: Five sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SLIT) products were ordered and purchased at an ordinary pharmacy and masked for blinding before the study was started.

Phase II/III clinical trial to assess the tolerability and immunological effect of a new updosing phase of Dermatophagoides mix-based immunotherapy.

Background: Immunologically enhanced subcutaneous specific immunotherapy (SCIT) has been developed with a fast and simplified updosing phase containing equal parts of the house dust mites (HDM) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae (Dermatophagoides mix) adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide.

Objective: To evaluate the tolerability and immunological impact of the updosing phase of this new allergen extract formulation.

Material And Methods: We performed a multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase II/III clinical trial.

Diagnosis and allergen immunotherapy treatment of polysensitised patients with respiratory allergy in Spain: an Allergists' Consensus.

Background: Polysensitisation is common in patients with respiratory allergy in Spain. Selection of the best allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is difficult in polysensitised patients. The present study was designed to help allergists better identify relevant allergens in these patients and to improve the selection of AIT in Spain.

Optimal duration of allergen immunotherapy in children with dust mite respiratory allergy.

Background: Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) discontinuation data in children remain scarce.

Objective: We sought for differences in the clinical efficacy of 3 vs. 5 yr of SCIT in children with dust mite respiratory allergy.