Effect of anesthesia administration method on apgar scores of infants born to women undergoing elective cesarean section.

Background: Neonatal health at delivery as measured by apgar scores is an important outcome. This study was done to assess the impact of anesthesia on Apgar 1-minute and 5-minute scores of infants delivered through elective cesarean section in Zimbabwe.

Methods: We carried out a secondary analysis of data from the Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid in Preventing Postpartum Hemorrhage (ETAPPH) clinical trial in Zimbabwe.

A nationally representative survey of healthcare provider counselling and provision of the female condom in South Africa and Zimbabwe.

Objectives: Female condoms are the only female-initiated HIV and pregnancy prevention technology currently available. We examined female condom counselling and provision among providers in South Africa and Zimbabwe, high HIV-prevalence countries.

Design: A cross-sectional study using a nationally representative survey.

Male circumcision for HIV prevention: clinical practices and attitudes among healthcare providers in South Africa and Zimbabwe.

Background: This study aimed to document the clinical practices and attitudes of health care providers in South Africa and Zimbabwe on male circumcision for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention.

Methods: We conducted national surveys of physicians and nurses in both countries in 2008-2009 (N = 1444). Data on male circumcision for HIV prevention were analyzed; outcomes were patient counseling, provision of services, and desire for training.

Willingness of clinicians to integrate microbicides into HIV prevention practices in southern Africa.

The first vaginal microbicide was recently proven effective in clinical trials. We assessed the willingness of clinicians to integrate microbicides into HIV prevention practices in Southern Africa, where women face elevated HIV risks. We conducted in-depth interviews (n = 60) and nationally representative surveys (n = 1,444) in South Africa and Zimbabwe with nurses and physicians.