Stable Field Emission from Single-Crystalline Zirconium Carbide Nanowires.

The <100> oriented single-crystalline Zirconium Carbide (ZrC) nanowires were controllably synthesized on a graphite substrate by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with optimized growth parameters involving Zirconium tetrachloride (ZrCl), flow of methane (CH), and growth temperature. The length of nanowires is above 10 µm while the diameter is smaller than 100 nm. A single ZrC nanowire was picked up and fixed on a tungsten tip for field emission measurement.

Reduction in Work Functions of Transition-Metal Carbides and Oxycarbides upon Oxidation.

Herein, the work functions of group 4 and group 5 transition-metal (Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, and Ta) carbides and transition-metal oxycarbides (TMCOs) were investigated by first-principles calculations for their potential application as electron emitters. The work functions of both groups decreased as the substitution of carbon atoms with oxygen proceeded, and the reduction in group 4 was more than that of group 5. In particular, ZrC O and HfC O ( ≥ 0.

Electrical conduction and field emission of a single-crystalline GdBSi nanowire.

The electronic transport and field emission properties of a single-crystalline GdB44Si2 nanowire are studied. The atomic structure and elemental composition of the GdB44Si2 nanowire are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using atomic imaging, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electron energy-loss spectroscopic (EELS) mapping. The electrical conductivity of the single GdB44Si2 nanowire is in the range of 46.

A controllable and efficient method for the fabrication of a single HfC nanowire field-emission point electron source aided by low keV FIB milling.

A single hafnium carbide (HfC) nanowire field-induced electron emitter with a sharp tip apex is fabricated by Pt deposition and focused ion beam (FIB) milling. The structure of the electron emitter is characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and atom probe tomography (APT). The HfC nanowire is single-crystalline with a thin oxide layer on its tip surface.

Proton change of parotid glands after gustatory stimulation examined by magnetic resonance imaging.

The aim of this study was to investigate proton changes of the parotid gland after gustatory stimulation by semi-quantitative parameters and an empirical mathematical model (EMM) using high-temporal-resolution, double-echo, echo-planar imaging (EPI). Approved by a local institutional review board, this study examined 20 parotid glands from 10 healthy volunteers (male:female = 6: 4; age ± standard deviation =35.1 ± 14.