Potential of different species of actinobacteria in the management of Meloidogyne javanica.

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are one of the most harmful soil-borne plant pathogens in the world. Actinobacteria are known phytopathogen control agents. The aim of this study was to select soil actinobacteria with control potential against the RKN (Meloidogyne javanica) in tomato plants and to determine mechanisms of action.

Histone Methyltransferases G9a/ and GLP/ Are Associated with Cell Viability and Poorer Prognosis in Neuroblastoma and Ewing Sarcoma.

Changes in epigenetic programming have been proposed as being key events in the initiation and progression of childhood cancers. HMT euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2 (G9a, EHMT2), which is encoded by the () gene, as well as its related protein GLP, which is encoded by the / gene, participate in epigenetic regulation by contributing to a transcriptionally repressed chromatin state. G9a/GLP activation has been reported in several cancer types.

Inoculation of Pochonia chlamydosporia triggers a defense response in tomato roots, affecting parasitism by Meloidogyne javanica.

Pochonia chlamydosporia is a soil-dwelling fungus and biological control agent of nematodes, active ingredient in commercial bionematicides. The fungus is also endophytically associated with the roots of several plant species, promoting their growth and inducing systemic resistance. In this study, different pathways and tomato defense metabolites were studied to identify mechanisms induced by P.

Effects of beta-band and gamma-band rhythmic stimulation on motor inhibition.

To investigate whether beta oscillations are related to motor inhibition, thirty-six participants underwent two concurrent transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and electroencephalography (EEG) sessions during which either beta (20 Hz) or gamma (70 Hz) stimulation was applied while participants performed a stop-signal task. In addition, we acquired magnetic resonance images to simulate the electric field during tACS. 20 Hz stimulation targeted at the pre-supplementary motor area enhanced inhibition and increased beta oscillatory power around the time of the stop-signal in trials directly following stimulation.

The interaction between endogenous GABA, functional connectivity, and behavioral flexibility is critically altered with advanced age.

The flexible adjustment of ongoing behavior challenges the nervous system's dynamic control mechanisms and has shown to be specifically susceptible to age-related decline. Previous work links endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) with behavioral efficiency across perceptual and cognitive domains, with potentially the strongest impact on those behaviors that require a high level of dynamic control. Our analysis integrated behavior and modulation of interhemispheric phase-based connectivity during dynamic motor-state transitions with endogenous GABA concentration in adult human volunteers.

Network-specific differences in transient brain activity at rest are associated with age-related reductions in motor performance.

Multiple functional changes occur in the brain with increasing age. Among those, older adults typically display more restricted fluctuations of brain activity, both during resting-state and task execution. These altered dynamic patterns have been linked to reduced task performance across multiple behavioral domains.

Attraction and toxicity: Ways volatile organic compounds released by Pochonia chlamydosporia affect Meloidogyne incognita.

The production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) acting against plant-parasitic nematodes has been characterized in different fungi; however, the role of VOCs emitted by Pochonia chlamydosporia in its trophic interaction with Meloidogyne incognita is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of VOCs emitted by P. chlamydosporia strain Pc-10 on different stages (eggs, juveniles and female) of the M.

Prefronto-Striatal Structural Connectivity Mediates Adult Age Differences in Action Selection.

In complex everyday environments, action selection is critical for optimal goal-directed behavior. This refers to the process of choosing a proper action from the range of possible alternatives. The neural mechanisms underlying action selection and how these are affected by normal aging remain to be elucidated.

Reduced Modulation of Task-Related Connectivity Mediates Age-Related Declines in Bimanual Performance.

Aging is accompanied by marked changes in motor behavior and its neural correlates. At the behavioral level, age-related declines in motor performance manifest, for example, as a reduced capacity to inhibit interference between hands during bimanual movements, particularly when task complexity increases. At the neural level, aging is associated with reduced differentiation between distinct functional systems.

Fiber-specific variations in anterior transcallosal white matter structure contribute to age-related differences in motor performance.

Age-related differences in bimanual motor performance have been extensively documented, but their underlying neural mechanisms remain less clear. Studies applying diffusion MRI in the aging population have revealed evidence for age-related white matter variations in the corpus callosum (CC) which are related to bimanual motor performance. However, the diffusion tensor model used in those studies is confounded by partial volume effects in voxels with complex fiber geometries which are present in up to 90% of white matter voxels, including the bilateral projections of the CC.

Optomechanics with levitated particles.

Optomechanics is concerned with the use of light to control mechanical objects. As a field, it has been hugely successful in the production of precise and novel sensors, the development of low-dissipation nanomechanical devices, and the manipulation of quantum signals. Micro- and nano-particles levitated in optical fields act as nanoscale oscillators, making them excellent low-dissipation optomechanical objects, with minimal thermal contact to the environment when operating in vacuum.

Quantum Bath Control with Nuclear Spin State Selectivity via Pulse-Adjusted Dynamical Decoupling.

Dynamical decoupling (DD) is a powerful method for controlling arbitrary open quantum systems. In quantum spin control, DD generally involves a sequence of timed spin flips (π rotations) arranged to either average out or selectively enhance coupling to the environment. Experimentally, errors in the spin flips are inevitably introduced, motivating efforts to optimize error-robust DD.

Randomization of Pulse Phases for Unambiguous and Robust Quantum Sensing.

We develop theoretically and demonstrate experimentally a universal dynamical decoupling method for robust quantum sensing with unambiguous signal identification. Our method uses randomization of control pulses to simultaneously suppress two types of errors in the measured spectra that would otherwise lead to false signal identification. These are spurious responses due to finite-width π pulses, as well as signal distortion caused by π pulse imperfections.

Age-related differences in network flexibility and segregation at rest and during motor performance.

Brain networks undergo widespread changes in older age. A large body of knowledge gathered about those changes evidenced an increase of functional connectivity between brain networks. Previous work focused mainly on cortical networks during the resting state.

Distinct online and offline effects of alpha and beta transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on continuous bimanual performance and task-set switching.

In the present study we examined the effect of bihemispheric in-phase synchronization of motor cortical rhythms on complex bimanual coordination. Twenty young healthy volunteers received 10 Hz or 20 Hz tACS in a double-blind crossover design while performing a bimanual task-set switching paradigm. We used a bilateral high-density montage centred over the hand knob representation within the primary motor cortices to apply tACS time-locked to the switching events.

Three-Dimensional Co-culture of Human Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells and Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in a Biomimetic Hematopoietic Niche Microenvironment.

The development of cellular therapies to treat hematological malignancies has motivated researchers to investigate ex vivo culture systems capable of expanding the number of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) before transplantation. The strategies exploited to achieve relevant cell numbers have relied on culture systems that lack biomimetic niche cues thought to be essential to promote HSPC maintenance and proliferation. Although stromal cells adhered to 2-D surfaces can be used to support the expansion of HSPC ex vivo, culture systems aiming to incorporate cell-cell interactions in a more intricate 3-D environment can better contribute to recapitulate the bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic niche in vitro.

Imaging Correlations in Heterodyne Spectra for Quantum Displacement Sensing.

The extraordinary sensitivity of the output field of an optical cavity to small quantum-scale displacements has led to breakthroughs such as the first detection of gravitational waves and of the motions of quantum ground-state cooled mechanical oscillators. While heterodyne detection of the output optical field of an optomechanical system exhibits asymmetries which provide a key signature that the mechanical oscillator has attained the quantum regime, important quantum correlations are lost. In turn, homodyning can detect quantum squeezing in an optical quadrature but loses the important sideband asymmetries.

Asymptomatic and symptomatic embolic events in infective endocarditis: associated factors and clinical impact.

Background: Embolic complications of infective endocarditis are common. The impact of asymptomatic embolism is uncertain.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of emboli due to IE and to identify events associated with embolism.

Anatomy of Subcortical Structures Predicts Age-Related Differences in Skill Acquisition.

Skill acquisition capabilities vary substantially from one individual to another. Volumetric brain studies have demonstrated that global volume of several subcortical structures predicts variations in learning outcome in young adults (YA) and older adults (OA). In this study, for the first time, we utilized shape analysis, which offers a more sensitive detection of subregional brain anatomical deformations, to investigate whether subregional anatomy of subcortical structures is associated with training-induced performance improvement on a bimanual task in YA and OA, and whether this association is age-dependent.

Nonlinear Dynamics and Strong Cavity Cooling of Levitated Nanoparticles.

Optomechanical systems explore and exploit the coupling between light and the mechanical motion of macroscopic matter. A nonlinear coupling offers rich new physics, in both quantum and classical regimes. We investigate a dynamic, as opposed to the usually studied static, nonlinear optomechanical system, comprising a nanosphere levitated in a hybrid electro-optical trap.

Cavity cooling a single charged levitated nanosphere.

Optomechanical cavity cooling of levitated objects offers the possibility for laboratory investigation of the macroscopic quantum behavior of systems that are largely decoupled from their environment. However, experimental progress has been hindered by particle loss mechanisms, which have prevented levitation and cavity cooling in a vacuum. We overcome this problem with a new type of hybrid electro-optical trap formed from a Paul trap within a single-mode optical cavity.