Indication of p + B reaction in Laser Induced Nanofusion experiment.

The NanoPlasmonic Laser Induced Fusion Energy (NAPLIFE) project proposed fusion by regulating the laser light absorption via resonant nanorod antennas implanted into hydrogen rich urethane acrylate methacrylate (UDMA) and triethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (TEGDMA) copolymer targets. In part of the tests, boron-nitride (BN) was added to the polymer. Our experiments with resonant nanoantennas accelerated protons up to 225 keV energy.

Monitoring of nanoplasmonics-assisted deuterium production in a polymer seeded with resonant Au nanorods using in situ femtosecond laser induced breakdown spectroscopy.

In this brief report, we present laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) evidence of deuterium (D) production in a 3:1 urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) polymer doped with resonant gold nanorods, induced by intense, 40 fs laser pulses. The in situ recorded LIBS spectra revealed that the D/(2D + H) increased to 4-8% in the polymer samples in selected events. The extent of transmutation was found to linearly increase with the laser pulse energy (intensity) between 2 and 25 mJ (up to 3 × 10W/cm).

Analogies and Relations between Non-Additive Entropy Formulas and Gintropy.

We explore formal similarities and mathematical transformation formulas between general trace-form entropies and the Gini index, originally used in quantifying income and wealth inequalities. We utilize the notion of gintropy introduced in our earlier works as a certain property of the Lorenz curve drawn in the map of the tail-integrated cumulative population and wealth fractions. In particular, we rediscover Tsallis' -entropy formula related to the Pareto distribution.

Crater formation and deuterium production in laser irradiation of polymers with implanted nano-antennas.

Recent validation experiments on laser irradiation of polymer foils with and without implanted golden nanoparticles are discussed. First we analyze characteristics of craters, formed in the target after its interaction with the laser beam. Preliminary experimental results show significant production of deuterons when both the energy of laser pulse and concentration of nanoparticles are high enough.

Non-Additive Entropy Formulas: Motivation and Derivations.

Entropy is a great tool in thermodynamics and statistical physics [...

Non-Additive Entropy Composition Rules Connected with Finite Heat-Bath Effects.

Mathematical generalizations of the additive Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon entropy formula have been numerous since the 1960s. In this paper we seek an interpretation of the Rényi and Tsallis q-entropy formulas single parameter in terms of physical properties of a finite capacity heat-bath and fluctuations of temperature. Ideal gases of non-interacting particles are used as a demonstrating example.

The Effect of Femtosecond Laser Irradiation and Plasmon Field on the Degree of Conversion of a UDMA-TEGDMA Copolymer Nanocomposite Doped with Gold Nanorods.

In this work, the effects of femtosecond laser irradiation and doping with plasmonic gold nanorods on the degree of conversion () of a urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)-triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) nanocomposite were investigated. The UDMA-TEGDMA photopolymer was prepared in a 3:1 weight ratio and doped with dodecanethiol- (DDT) capped gold nanorods of 25 × 75 or 25 × 85 nm nominal diameter and length. It was found that the presence of the gold nanorods alone (without direct plasmonic excitation) can increase the of the photopolymer by 6-15%.

Kaniadakis Entropy Leads to Particle-Hole Symmetric Distribution.

We discuss generalized exponentials, whose inverse functions are at the core of generalized entropy formulas, with respect to particle-hole (KMS) symmetry. The latter is fundamental in field theory; so, possible statistical generalizations of the Boltzmann formula-based thermal field theory have to take this property into account. We demonstrate that Kaniadakis' approach is KMS ready and discuss possible further generalizations.

Transient Dynamics in the Random Growth and Reset Model.

A mean-field type model with random growth and reset terms is considered. The stationary distributions resulting from the corresponding master equation are relatively easy to obtain; however, for practical applications one also needs to know the convergence to stationarity. The present work contributes to this direction, studying the transient dynamics in the discrete version of the model by two different approaches.

Gintropy: Gini Index Based Generalization of Entropy.

Entropy is being used in physics, mathematics, informatics and in related areas to describe equilibration, dissipation, maximal probability states and optimal compression of information. The Gini index, on the other hand, is an established measure for social and economical inequalities in a society. In this paper, we explore the mathematical similarities and connections in these two quantities and introduce a new measure that is capable of connecting these two at an interesting analogy level.

Science and Facebook: The same popularity law!

The distribution of scientific citations for publications selected with different rules (author, topic, institution, country, journal, etc…) collapse on a single curve if one plots the citations relative to their mean value. We find that the distribution of "shares" for the Facebook posts rescale in the same manner to the very same curve with scientific citations. This finding suggests that citations are subjected to the same growth mechanism with Facebook popularity measures, being influenced by a statistically similar social environment and selection mechanism.

Dynamical stationarity as a result of sustained random growth.

In sustained growth with random dynamics stationary distributions can exist without detailed balance. This suggests thermodynamical behavior in fast-growing complex systems. In order to model such phenomena we apply both a discrete and a continuous master equation.

Zeroth law compatibility of nonadditive thermodynamics.

Nonextensive thermodynamics is criticized by the statement that the zeroth law cannot be satisfied with nonadditive composition rules [corrected]. In this paper we determine the general functional form of those nonadditive composition rules that are compatible with the zeroth law of thermodynamics. We find that this general form is additive for the formal logarithms of the original quantities and the familiar relations of thermodynamics apply to these.

Nonextensive boltzmann equation and hadronization.

We present a novel nonextensive generalization of the Boltzmann equation. We investigate the evolution of the one-particle distribution in this framework. The stationary solution is exponential in a nonlinear function of the original energy.

Power-law tails from multiplicative noise.

We show that the well-known linear Langevin equation, modeling the Brownian motion and leading to a Gaussian stationary distribution of the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation, is changed by the smallest multiplicative noise. This leads to a power-law tail of the distribution for sufficiently large momenta. At finite ratio of the correlation strength for the multiplicative and the additive noises the stationary energy distribution becomes exactly the Tsallis distribution.

Micromechanical models for the Brownian motion of hair cell stereocilia.

Brownian motion of the hairs (stereocilia) of amphibian hair cells has been shown in experiments to be in the range of some nm. Our models of the Brownian motion of coupled harmonic oscillators with mechanical properties of stereocilia lead to similar displacements. Computer simulation shows that stochastic fluctuations enhance the encoding of low level acoustic signals.