A microvascularizedliver model for disease modeling and drug discovery.

Drug discovery for complex liver diseases faces alarming attrition rates. The lack of non-clinical models that recapitulate key aspects of liver (patho)-physiology is likely contributing to the inefficiency of developing effective treatments. Of particular notice is the common omission of an organized microvascular component despite its importance in maintaining liver function and its involvement in the development of several pathologies.

Cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell‑associated neurotoxicity syndrome in a melanoma patient treated with adjuvant pembrolizumab.

The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with solid tumors. However, along with their efficacy, new toxicities related to immune system activation have surfaced, some of which pose life-threatening risks. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) are among the serious, albeit rare, immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) observed.

Inhibin B and antiMüllerian hormone as surrogate markers of fertility in male and female Crohn's disease patients: a case-control study.

Background: Several studies suggest that women with Crohn disease (CD) have reduced fertility due to decreased ovarian reserve, among other causes. On the other hand, male CD patients could have difficulties conceiving. The present study aimed to test the effect of CD on both male and female fertility potential, Sertoli cell function and ovarian reserve, assessed by inhibin-B (IB) plus IB:FSH ratio (IFR) and antiMüllerian hormone (AMH), respectively.

Practical consensus for the treatment and follow-up of primary aldosteronism: a multidisciplinary consensus document.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most frequent cause of secondary hypertension and is associated with a higher cardiometabolic risk than essential hypertension. The aim of this consensus is to provide practical clinical recommendations for its surgical and medical treatment, pathology study and biochemical and clinical follow-up, as well as for the approach in special situations like advanced age, pregnancy and chronic kidney disease, from a multidisciplinary perspective, in a nominal group consensus approach of experts from the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN), Spanish Society of Cardiology (SEC), Spanish Society of Nephrology (SEN), Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI), Spanish Radiology Society (SERAM), Spanish Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (SERVEI), Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEQC(ML)), Spanish Society of Anatomic-Pathology and Spanish Association of Surgeons (AEC).

Plasma Androstenedione Concentration Can Discriminate Frail versus Non-Frail Men with Prostate Cancer under Androgen Deprivation Therapy.

Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a mainstay of prostate cancer in both adjuvant and palliative settings. Since androgens are crucial for functional status and psychological functions, we evaluated whether blood testosterone, androstenedione, or DHEA concentrations were associated with functional status and psychological alterations in patients with localised (PCa) or metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) receiving ADT with analogues of luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH).

Methods: The five Fried criteria were considered to identify frailty syndrome.

Comparison of Frailty Criteria, Cognitive Function, Depressive and Insomnia Symptoms in Men with Localized and Advanced Prostate Cancer under Androgen Deprivation Therapy.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is considered one of the most important medical problems in the male population, with a very high incidence after the age of 65. Frailty represents one of the most critical issues facing healthcare due to its inherent relationship with poor healthcare outcomes. The physical phenotype of frailty syndrome based on Fried criteria has been associated with poor outcomes, morbidity, and premature mortality.

Analysis of Frailty Syndrome in Men with Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Scoping Review.

Unlabelled: Most patients with metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) are older. In addition, current geriatric oncology guidelines suggest that all cancer patients aged over 70 years should undergo a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), with the identification of frailty syndrome being crucial for clinical decisions. Frailty can be associated with lower quality of life (QoL) and interfere with the feasibility or side effects of oncology treatments.

Adjuvant aromatase inhibitor treatment worsens depressive symptoms and sleep quality in postmenopausal women with localized breast cancer: A one-year follow-up study.

Unlabelled: First-line treatment in postmenopausal women with estrogen- and/or progesterone-positive breast cancer consists of aromatase inhibitors (AROi). The ability of AROi to promote or worsen cognitive function, depressive symptoms, sleep quality and performance in basic activities of daily life as primary and concomitant outcomes in long longitudinal studies in post-menopausal women has been seldom investigated. This study is a cohort trial which aimed to determine if there were differences in cognitive function assessment, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality after 1 year under AROi treatment and to determine the interrelations between these symptoms.

Androstenedione and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Concentration Predict the Progression of Frailty Syndrome at One Year Follow-Up in Patients with Localized Breast Cancer Treated with Aromatase Inhibitors.

Background: The standard treatment in postmenopausal women with estrogen- and progesterone-positive localized breast cancer consists of aromatase inhibitors (AROi). The ability of AROi to promote or worsen frailty syndrome over time and the relationship with changes in gonadal hormones concentration in blood have not been investigated. Methods: A prospective study to evaluate the relationship between frailty syndrome and gonadal hormones concentrations in blood at baseline (prior to AROi treatment) and after 6 and 12 months under AROi treatment in post-menopausal women with breast cancer.

Plasma Aromatase Activity Index, Gonadotropins and Estrone Are Associated with Frailty Syndrome in Post-Menopausal Women with Breast Cancer.

Frailty syndrome is associated with poor outcomes, morbidity and premature mortality. We performed a cross-sectional study to evaluate the presence of frailty syndrome based on Fried’s frailty phenotype in post-menopausal women with breast cancer. We further analyzed the association between frailty syndrome with geriatric assessments and the association with the concentration of gonadotropins LH and FSH, estrogens, androgens and the aromatase activity index in the blood.

Prediction of Chemotoxicity, Unplanned Hospitalizations and Early Death in Older Patients with Colorectal Cancer Treated with Chemotherapy.

Purpose: To identify risk factors for toxicity, unplanned hospitalization (UH) and early death (ED) in older patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) initiating chemotherapy.

Methods: 215 patients over 70 years were prospectively included. Geriatric assessment was performed before treatment, and tumor and treatment variables were collected.

Male pituitary-gonadal axis dysfunction in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome-Prevalence and associated factors: A Mediterranean case series.

Objective: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor can harm testes function. The objectives were to analyse the prevalence of low serum testosterone (LT) and impaired fertility potential (Leydig and Sertoli cells dysfunction, respectively) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) male survivors and to evaluate acute infection-related associated factors. Also, we explore its association with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) and quality of life (QOL).

Development and Validation of an Early Mortality Risk Score for Older Patients Treated with Chemotherapy for Cancer.

Estimation of life expectancy in older patients is relevant to select the best treatment strategy. We aimed to develop and validate a score to predict early mortality in older patients with cancer. A total of 749 patients over 70 years starting new chemotherapy regimens were prospectively included.

Prediction of Unplanned Hospitalizations in Older Patients Treated with Chemotherapy.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of unplanned hospitalization (UH) and to identify risk factors for UH in elderly patients with cancer who start chemotherapy.

Methods: In all, 493 patients over 70 years starting new chemotherapy regimens were prospectively included. A pre-chemotherapy geriatric assessment was performed, and tumor and treatment variables were collected.

Proposal of a clinically relevant working classification of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors based on pituitary transcription factors.

The immunohistochemistry (IHC) characterization of pituitary transcription factors (PTFs) PIT1, TPIT, and SF1, which enable the identification of three different adenohypophyseal cell lines, has been incorporated into the latest classification system of the World Health Organization (WHO) for pituitary adenomas. This change overturns the concept of the adenoma as solely a hormone producer and classifies these tumors based on their cell lineage. The aim of the study was to provide a diagnostic algorithm, based on IHC expression of hypophyseal hormones with potential use in diagnostic practice, contributing to an improved classification of pituitary adenomas.

Id1 and PD-1 Combined Blockade Impairs Tumor Growth and Survival of -mutant Lung Cancer by Stimulating PD-L1 Expression and Tumor Infiltrating CD8 T Cells.

The use of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors in advanced NSCLC is associated with longer survival. However, many patients do not benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, largely because of immunosuppression. New immunotherapy-based combinations are under investigation in an attempt to improve outcomes.

Undertreatment and overtreatment in older patients treated with chemotherapy.

Background: Inconsistent doses and schemes are commonly used in older patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. We performed this study in patients with cancer and age ≥ 70 years to determine the frequency of undertreatment and overtreatment as well as factors influencing the decision to modify chemotherapy doses.

Patients And Methods: Patients aged ≥70 years starting new chemotherapy regimens were prospectively included in a multicentre study.

Cognitive Functions under Anti-HER2 Targeted Therapy in Cancer Patients: A Scoping Review.

Pharmacological therapy targeting the HER2 protein is one of the major breakthroughs in the treatment of cancer patients overexpressing HER2 who have increased survival rates. Despite improved survival, it is important to determine the less frequent adverse effects in order to tailor treatments more personalized to the patients' features. The possible impact of cancer treatments on cognitive functions is huge, and the effects of anti-HER 2 therapies on this issue have not been reviewed and are the objective of this study.

Predicting Chemotherapy Toxicity in Older Patients with Cancer: A Multicenter Prospective Study.

Background: Standard oncology tools are inadequate to distinguish which older patients are at higher risk of developing chemotherapy-related complications.

Materials And Methods: Patients over 70 years of age starting new chemotherapy regimens were prospectively included in a multicenter study. A prechemotherapy assessment that included sociodemographics, tumor/treatment variables, and geriatric assessment variables was performed.

Evolution of older patients diagnosed with early breast cancer in Spain between 1998 and 2001 included in El Alamo III project.

Introduction: An increase in the number of cancer cases is expected in the near future. Breast cancer (BC) mortality rates increase with age even when adjusted for other variables. Here we analyzed BC disease-free survival (BCDFS) and BC specific survival (BCSS) in the El Alamo III BC registry of GEICAM Spanish Breast Cancer Group.

Evaluation of the bio-protection mechanism in diffusive exchange permeable reactive barriers for the treatment of acid mine drainage.

This research studied the bio-protection mechanism based on chemical gradients in diffusive exchange permeable reactive barriers, evaluating the thickness of the reactive layers in the treatment of concentrated acid mine drainage (AMD). Six bench-scale reactors were constructed with reactive layer thicknesses of 2.5, 5, and 7.

Factor Invariance of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 in a Sample of Chilean Adolescents.

The purpose of this study is to adapt the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24; Fernández-Berrocal, Extremera, & Ramos, 2004, Spanish short version of the TMMS, Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey, & Palfai, 1995) to the Chilean adolescent population (13-17 years), analyzing the psychometric properties of the instrument through confirmatory factor analyses, factor invariance analysis, and latent mean differences. For this purpose, a sample of 3,255 secondary and high school students, between 12 and 18 years old (M = 15.28, SD = 1.

On the mechanisms of secondary flows in a gas vortex unit.

The hydrodynamics of secondary flow phenomena in a disc-shaped gas vortex unit (GVU) is investigated using experimentally validated numerical simulations. The simulation using ANSYS FLUENT v.14a reveals the development of a backflow region along the core of the central gas exhaust, and of a counterflow multivortex region in the bulk of the disc part of the unit.

Geriatric oncology in Spain: survey results and analysis of the current situation.

Introduction: Geriatric oncology (GO) is a discipline that focuses on the management of elderly patients with cancer. The Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) created a Working group dedicated to geriatric oncology in February 2016.

Objectives: The main goal of this study was to describe the current situation in Spain regarding the management of elderly cancer patients through an online survey of medical oncologists.