Publications by authors named "TORELLI G"

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary tumor in the central nervous system with poor prognosis. It exhibits elevated glucose uptake and lactate production. This metabolic state of aerobic glycolysis is known as the Warburg effect.

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3D imaging via X-ray microscopy (XRM), a form of tomography, is revolutionising materials characterisation. Nondestructive imaging to classify grains, particles, interfaces and pores at various scales is imperative for our understanding of the composition, structure, and failure of building materials. Various workflows now exist to maximise data collection and to push the boundaries of what has been achieved before, either from singular instruments, software or combinations through multimodal correlative microscopy.

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The skin serves as the first barrier against pathogen attacks, thanks to its multifunctional microbial community. is a commensal organism of normal cutaneous microflora but is also a cause of skin diseases. It acts on different cell pattern recognition receptors (TLRs, AhR, NLRP3 inflammasome) leading to cellular damage, barrier impairment, and inflammatory cytokines production.

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Exposure to anti-retroviral therapy in HIV infection has been associated with hypertension, but whether and to what extent HIV-related factors and anti-retroviral treatment contribute to hypertension is not well defined; in addition, data are particularly scarce in Sub-Saharan Africa. Aim of the study was to investigate prevalence and awareness of hypertension in a cohort of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) on anti-retroviral therapy in rural Tanzania, and to identify possible predictors of hypertension. A cross-sectional study on hypertension in PLWHIV was conducted at Tosamaganga District Hospital, Iringa Region, Tanzania.

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Although the etiopathology of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is still not completely defined, several studies in recent years have highlighted the role of neuro-inflammation mediators in its development. During COVID-19, the infected host develops a multifaceted inflammatory syndrome, that may lead to an uncontrolled immune system response also localized in the host nervous system. In fact, the target of the viral Spike protein, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, is widely expressed in different areas of CNS such as the olfactory epithelium, and the choroid plexus.

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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor and is poorly susceptible to cytotoxic therapies. Amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and deletion of exons 2 to 7, which generates EGFR variant III (vIII), are the most common molecular alterations of GBMs that contribute to the aggressiveness of the disease. Recently, it has been shown that EGFR/EGFRvIII-targeted inhibitors enhance mitochondrial translocation by causing mitochondrial accumulation of these receptors, promoting the tumor drug resistance; moreover, they negatively modulate intrinsic mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by sequestering PUMA, leading to impaired apoptotic response in GBM cells.

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Test & Treat Project offers universal HIV testing and access to antiretroviral treatment in Northern Tanzania. The current cross-sectional study provides midterm results on HIV testing and counseling activities through community outreaches and facility-based services. A total 255,329 HIV tests were performed: 198,451 (77.

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Targeting necroptosis is considered a promising therapeutic strategy in cancer, including Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), one of the most lethal brain tumors. Necroptosis is a mechanism of programmed cell death overcoming the apoptosis resistance mechanism underlying GBM tumorigenesis and malignant progression. N6-isopentenyladenosine (iPA), adenosine modified with isoprenoid derivative, displays antitumor activity in different cancer models.

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Morbidity and mortality due to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are growing exponentially across Tanzania. The limited availability of dedicated services and the disparity between rural and urban areas represent key factors for the increased burden of NCDs in the country. From March 2019, an integrated management system was started in the Iringa District Council.

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Background: Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a functional microcirculation pattern formed by aggressive tumor cells. Thus far, no effective drugs have been developed to target VM. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant form of brain cancer and is a highly vascularized tumor.

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Background: Although FD may affect up to 10% of the general population, the therapy for FD is not standard. Recently, ginger-based food supplements have been proposed in order to restore FD symptoms. Our aim was to assess the efficacy of a new nutraceutical formulation containing extract of gingerol and thymus as a possible natural treatment in managing the symptoms of functional dyspepsia (FD).

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Vaccines will be an important element in mitigating the impact of an influenza pandemic. While research towards developing universal influenza vaccines is ongoing, the current strategy for vaccine supply in a pandemic relies on seasonal influenza vaccine production to be switched over to pandemic vaccines. Understanding how much vaccine could be produced, in which regions of the world and in what timeframe is critical to informing influenza pandemic preparedness.

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This study describes a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial in healthy adults of a new potential pandemic H7N9 live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) based on the human influenza virus of Yangtze River Delta hemagglutinin lineage (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03739229). Two doses of H7N9 LAIV or placebo were administered intranasally to 30 and 10 subjects, respectively.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study assessed the safety and immune response of a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) in healthy Serbian adults aged 18-65 through a phase III trial involving 480 participants.
  • Participants received either the vaccine or a placebo, with most common mild side effects reported being injection site pain and fatigue; serious adverse events were not observed.
  • The vaccine demonstrated strong immune response, with high seroconversion rates for H1, H3, and B strains post-vaccination, confirming its safety and effectiveness.
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Objective: Caesarean section (CS) rates have increased worldwide in recent decades. In 2015, the WHO proposed the use of the 10-group Robson classification as a global standard for assessing, monitoring and comparing CS rates both within healthcare facilities over time and between them. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of CS rates according to the Robson classification and describe maternal and perinatal outcomes by group at the Tosamaganga Hospital in rural Tanzania.

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Background And Aim: The majority of seasonal influenza vaccines are trivalent, containing two A virus strains (H1N1 and H3N2) and one B virus strain. The co-circulation of two distinct lineages of B viruses can lead to mismatch between the influenza B virus strain recommended for the trivalent seasonal vaccine and the circulating B virus. This has led some manufacturers to produce quadrivalent influenza vaccines containing one strain from each B lineage in addition to H1N1 and H3N2 strains.

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Influenza H7N9 virus is a potentially pandemic subtype to which most people are immunologically naïve. To be better prepared for the potential occurrence of an H7N9 pandemic, in 2017 the World Health Organization recommended developing candidate vaccine viruses from two new H7N9 viruses, A/Guangdong/17SF003/2016 (A/GD) and A/Hong Kong/125/2017 (A/HK). This report describes the development of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) candidates against A/GD and A/HK viruses and study of their safety and immunogenicity in the ferret model in order to choose the most promising one for a phase I clinical trial.

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Background: Currently, two genetic lineages of influenza B virus, B/Victoria and B/Yamagata, are cocirculating in humans in various countries. This situation has raised a question regarding the possibility of cross-protection between B components of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) belonging to different lineages. This study aimed to assess in naïve ferrets the potential protective activity of monovalent B-LAIVs against challenge with homologous and heterologous wild-type (WT) influenza B viruses.

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In high-income countries, there is an increased tendency to replace inactivated seasonal trivalent influenza (TIV) vaccines with quadrivalent (QIV) vaccines as these are considered to give a greater public health benefit. In addition, several recent studies from the USA and Europe indicate that replacement with QIV might also be cost-effective; however, the situation in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is less clear as few studies have investigated this aspect. The paper by de Boer et al.

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