Racial Discrimination and Romantic Relationship Dynamics among Black Americans: A Systematic Review.

Despite increasing research, the links between racial discrimination and Black Americans' romantic relationship dynamics remain unclear. Guided by models of mundane extreme environmental stress (Peters & Massey, 1983), sociocultural family stress (McNeil Smith & Landor, 2018), and Black marital outcomes (Bryant et al., 2010), we conducted a systematic review of the literature examining racial discrimination and relationship dynamics among Black Americans in same-race and interracial romantic relationships.

Discrimination, gender, and class: An intersectional investigation of Black Americans' personal and relational well-being.

Discrimination is a chronic stressor for Black Americans that occurs alongside other social positions and has implications for personal and relational well-being. Using data from the Survey of Midlife in the United States, this study examined the relative and multiplicative effects of gender and financial strain on the links between discrimination and personal and relational well-being among Black Americans in romantic relationships ( = 443). Results indicate that financial strain was associated with poorer personal well-being and that being female was associated with poorer relational well-being.

Mind the Gap: Perceived Partner Responsiveness as a Bridge between General and Partner-Specific Attachment Security.

A core idea of attachment theory is that security develops when attachment figures are responsive to a person's connection needs. Individuals may be more or less secure in different relationships. We hypothesized that individuals who perceive a current relationship partner as being responsive to their needs will feel more secure in that specific relationship, and that the benefits of perceived partner responsiveness would be more pronounced for individuals who generally feel insecure.

Impact of a perioperative oral opioid substitution protocol during the nationwide intravenous opioid shortage: A single center, interrupted time series with segmented regression analysis.

Introduction: To mitigate the recent nationwide shortage of intravenous opioids, we developed a standardized perioperative oral opioid guideline anchored with appropriate use of nonopioid analgesia, neuraxial and loco-regional techniques. We hypothesize that adoption of this new guideline was associated with: 1) equivalent patient reported pain scores in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU); and 2) equivalent total opioid use (oral and parenteral) during the perioperative period.

Methods: Cases performed from July 1, 2017 to May 31, 2019 were screened.

Anomalies in the pseudogap phase of the cuprates: competing ground states and the role of umklapp scattering.

Over the past two decades, advances in computational algorithms have revealed a curious property of the two-dimensional Hubbard model (and related theories) with hole doping: the presence of close-in-energy competing ground states that display very different physical properties. On the one hand, there is a complicated state exhibiting intertwined spin, charge, and pair density wave orders. We call this 'type A'.

Trends and patterns in fatal US motorcycle crashes, 2000-2016.

To investigate trends of motorcyclist fatalities and identify at-risk populations by motorcyclist demographics and crash characteristics. We used the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) database (2000-2016) to track fatality rate trends, which were quantified by using Poisson mixed-effects regression models comparing 2000-2001 and 2007-2008, as well as 2009-2010 and 2015-2016. The overall fatality rate per 100,000 population increased from 2000 to 2016, defined by two trend lines-before and after the economic recession in 2008-2009.

Personal well-being across the transition to marriage equality: A longitudinal analysis.

We examined the ways that federal, state, and local marriage recognition influence multiple domains of personal well-being of individuals in same-sex (n = 279) and different-sex (n = 266) relationships. Longitudinal data were collected across the transition to marriage equality (i.e.

A cross-sectional study of travel patterns of older adults in the USA during 2015: implications for mobility and traffic safety.

Background: With an ever increasing population of older adults (65+ years) in the USA, a better understanding of this population's travel patterns is needed to improve travel mobility and transportation safety.

Objective: In this study, we described the travel patterns of older adults in the USA during 2015.

Methods: Travel patterns of older adults (65-74 and 75+ years) were compared with younger adults (25-64 years) by frequency and proportion of daily trips.

Novelty helmet use and motorcycle rider fatality.

Objectives: To compare the risk of fatal injury across helmet types among collision-involved motorcyclists.

Methods: We used data from a cohort of motorcyclists involved in police-reported traffic collisions. Eighty-four law enforcement agencies in California collected detailed information on helmet and rider characteristics during collision investigations in June 2012 through July 2013.

Motorcycle helmet use and the risk of head, neck, and fatal injury: Revisiting the Hurt Study.

Most studies find strong evidence that motorcycle helmets protect against injury, but a small number of controversial studies have reported a positive association between helmet use and neck injury. The most commonly cited paper is that of Goldstein (1986). Goldstein obtained and reanalyzed data from the Hurt Study, a prospective, on-scene investigation of 900 motorcycle collisions in the city of Los Angeles.

Interferon Lambda 4 Genotype Is Associated With Jaundice and Elevated Aminotransferase Levels During Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Findings From the InC3 Collaborative.

Symptomatic acute HCV infection and interferon lambda 4 (IFNL4) genotypes are important predictors of spontaneous viral clearance. Using data from a multicohort database (Injecting Cohorts [InC3] Collaborative), we establish an independent association between host IFNL4 genotype and symptoms of acute hepatitis C virus infection. This association potentially explains the higher spontaneous clearance observed in some patients with symptomatic disease.

Giant phonon anomaly associated with superconducting fluctuations in the pseudogap phase of cuprates.

The pseudogap in underdoped cuprates leads to significant changes in the electronic structure, and was later found to be accompanied by anomalous fluctuations of superconductivity and certain lattice phonons. Here we propose that the Fermi surface breakup due to the pseudogap, leads to a breakup of the pairing order into two weakly coupled sub-band amplitudes, and a concomitant low energy Leggett mode due to phase fluctuations between them. This increases the temperature range of superconducting fluctuations containing an overdamped Leggett mode.

Response to treatment following recently acquired hepatitis C virus infection in a multicentre collaborative cohort.

Pegylated interferon therapy is highly effective in recently acquired HCV. The optimal timing of treatment, regimen and influence of host factors remains unclear. We aimed to measure sustained virological response (SVR) during recent HCV infection and identify predictors of response.

Hepatitis C Virus Reinfection and Spontaneous Clearance of Reinfection--the InC3 Study.

Background: We aimed to characterize the natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection and spontaneous clearance following reinfection (reclearance), including predictors of HCV reclearance.

Methods: Data were synthesized from the 9 prospective cohorts of the International Collaboration of Incident Human Immunodeficiency Virus and HCV in Injecting Cohorts study, which evaluated HCV infection outcomes among people who inject drugs. Participants with primary HCV infection were classified as having achieved viral suppression if they had negative results of at least 1 subsequent HCV RNA test.

Patterns of hepatitis C virus RNA levels during acute infection: the InC3 study.

Background: Understanding the patterns of HCV RNA levels during acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection provides insights into immunopathogenesis and is important for vaccine design. This study evaluated patterns of HCV RNA levels and associated factors among individuals with acute infection.

Methods: Data were from an international collaboration of nine prospective cohorts of acute HCV (InC3 Study).

Factors associated with hepatitis C virus RNA levels in early chronic infection: the InC3 study.

Improved understanding of natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels in chronic infection provides enhanced insights into immunopathogenesis of HCV and has implications for the clinical management of chronic HCV infection. This study assessed factors associated with HCV RNA levels during early chronic infection in a population with well-defined early chronic HCV infection. Data were from an international collaboration of nine prospective cohorts studying acute HCV infection (InC(3) study).

Interferon lambda 3 genotype predicts hepatitis C virus RNA levels in early acute infection among people who inject drugs: the InC(3) study.

Background And Objectives: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA level in acute HCV infection is predictive of spontaneous clearance. This study assessed factors associated with HCV RNA levels during early acute infection among people who inject drugs with well-defined acute HCV infection.

Study Design: Data were from International Collaboration of Incident HIV and Hepatitis C in Injecting Cohorts (InC(3)) Study, an international collaboration of nine prospective cohorts studying acute HCV infection.

Competing states in the t-J model: uniform D-wave state versus stripe state.

Variational studies of the t-J model on the square lattice based on infinite projected-entangled pair states confirm an extremely close competition between a uniform d-wave superconducting state and different stripe states. The site-centered stripe with an in-phase d-wave order has an equal or only slightly lower energy than the stripe with antiphase d-wave order. The optimal stripe filling is not constant but increases with J/t.

Office of Adolescent Health medical accuracy review process--helping ensure the medical accuracy of Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program materials.

The Office of Adolescent Health (OAH) developed a systematic approach to review for medical accuracy the educational materials proposed for use in Teen Pregnancy Prevention (TPP) programs. This process is also used by the Administration on Children, Youth, and Families (ACYF) for review of materials used in the Personal Responsibility Education Innovative Strategies (PREIS) Program. This article describes the review process, explaining the methodology, the team implementing the reviews, and the process for distributing review findings and implementing changes.

Predictors of nonstandard helmet use among San Francisco Bay-area motorcyclists.

Objective: The use of helmets that do not comply with safety standards is common in California. The objective of this study was to describe the use of these nonstandard helmets among San Francisco Bay-area (SFBA) motorcyclists and to identify personal and motorcycle characteristics that are associated with the use of nonstandard helmets.

Methods: A survey of 860 SFBA motorcyclists was conducted.

The effects of female sex, viral genotype, and IL28B genotype on spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus infection.

Unlabelled: Although 20%-40% of persons with acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection demonstrate spontaneous clearance, the time course and factors associated with clearance remain poorly understood. We investigated the time to spontaneous clearance and predictors among participants with acute HCV using Cox proportional hazards analyses. Data for this analysis were drawn from an international collaboration of nine prospective cohorts evaluating outcomes after acute HCV infection.

Spin density wave fluctuations and p-wave pairing in Sr2RuO4.

Recently, a debate has arisen over which of the two distinct parts of the Fermi surface of Sr(2)RuO(4) is the active part for the chiral p-wave superconductivity exhibited. Early theories proposed p-wave pairing on the two-dimensional γ band, whereas a recent proposal focuses on the one-dimensional (α, β) bands whose nesting pockets are the source of the strong incommensurate spin density wave (SDW) fluctuations. We apply a renormalization group theory to study quasi-one-dimensional repulsive Hubbard chains and explain the form of SDW fluctuations, reconciling the absence of long-range order with their nesting Fermi surface.

Driver obesity and the risk of fatal injury during traffic collisions.

Background: Few studies have looked at how obesity affects injury outcomes among vehicle occupants involved in traffic collisions.

Objective: To estimate the association of obesity with death risk among drivers of passenger vehicles aged ≥16 and to examine effect modification by driver sex, driver seat belt use, vehicle type and collision type.

Methods: We conducted a matched-pair cohort study using data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System.

Cohort profile: the international collaboration of incident HIV and hepatitis C in injecting cohorts (InC3) study.

The International Collaboration of Incident HIV and Hepatitis C in Injecting Cohorts (InC(3)) Study is an international multi-cohort project of pooled biological and behavioural data from nine prospective cohorts of people who inject drugs (PWID). InC(3) brings together researchers from Australia, Canada, USA and the Netherlands with expertise in epidemiology, biostatistics, clinical and behavioural sciences, virology and immunology to investigate research questions relevant to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV outcomes. InC(3) was established to: (i) create a merged multi-cohort study of pooled data from well-characterized cohorts of PWID with prospective data on HIV and HCV infections, with a particular focus on HCV; (ii) facilitate new studies not possible within individual cohorts; and (iii) bring together researchers across disciplines to answer a broad range of research questions.