How UV light lowers the conductivity of SrTiO by photochemical water splitting at elevated temperature.

Nominally undoped SrTiO single crystals were illuminated by UV light at 350 °C in oxidizing as well as reducing atmospheres. In N/O atmospheres, UV irradiation enhances the conductivity of SrTiO by several orders of magnitude. In dry H atmosphere UV exposure leads to the opposite conductivity effect, , above band gap energy illumination surprisingly lowers the conductivity.

Intraoperative (Contrast-Enhanced) Ultrasound Has the Highest Diagnostic Accuracy of Any Imaging Modality in Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Aim: Defining sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy for detection of colorectal liver metastases in imaging compared to intraoperative assessment. Defining a cutoff, where accuracy of detection is impaired.

Methods: Prospective single-institution clinical trial (clinicaltrials.

Did the International ALPPS Meeting 2015 Have an Impact on Daily Practice? The Hamburg Barmbek Experience of 58 Cases.

Background: ALPPS (associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy) was introduced only 10 years ago and has gained wide acceptance as a variation of staged procedures in liver surgery. It has been criticized for its high morbidity and mortality, which all centers reported in their initial series.

Methods: After a world expert meeting in Hamburg in 2015 where all experts in the field met to discuss this method, caveats were extracted and formulated.

Dislocations Accelerate Oxygen Ion Diffusion in LaSrMnO Epitaxial Thin Films.

Revealing whether dislocations accelerate oxygen ion transport is important for providing abilities in tuning the ionic conductivity of ceramic materials. In this study, we report how dislocations affect oxygen ion diffusion in Sr-doped LaMnO (LSM), a model perovskite oxide that serves in energy conversion technologies. LSM epitaxial thin films with thicknesses ranging from 10 nm to more than 100 nm were prepared by pulsed laser deposition on single-crystal LaAlO and SrTiO substrates.

Optical imaging of propagating Mach cones in water using refracto-vibrometry.

Refracto-vibrometry was used to optically image propagating Mach cones in water. These Mach cones were produced by ultrasonic longitudinal and shear waves traveling through submerged 12.7 mm diameter metal cylinders.

Apparent Oxygen Uphill Diffusion in LaSrMnO Thin Films upon Cathodic Polarization.

The impact of cathodic bias on oxygen transport in LaSrMnO (LSM) thin films was investigated. Columnar-grown LSM thin films with different microstructures were deposited by pulsed laser deposition. O tracer experiments were performed on thin film microelectrodes with an applied cathodic bias of -300 or -450 mV, and the microelectrodes were subsequently analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry.

Operando X-ray Investigation of Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces in Model Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.

We employed operando anomalous surface X-ray diffraction to investigate the buried interface between the cathode and the electrolyte of a model solid oxide fuel cell with atomic resolution. The cell was studied under different oxygen pressures at elevated temperatures and polarizations by external potential control. Making use of anomalous X-ray diffraction effects at the Y and Zr K-edges allowed us to resolve the interfacial structure and chemical composition of a (100)-oriented, 9.

Oxygen reduction via grain boundary transport in thin film platinum electrodes on yttria stabilized zirconia.

Model-type sputter deposited platinum microelectrodes with different grain sizes were investigated on single crystalline yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) by means of impedance spectroscopy. Measurements on single platinum microelectrodes could be continuously performed for > 100 h and from 250 to 800 °C without losing contact. From the temperature dependence, two parallel reaction pathways for oxygen reduction could be identified.

In vitro evaluation of cytomegalovirus-specific hyperimmune globulins vs. standard intravenous immunoglobulins.

Background And Objectives: To evaluate standard intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) as an alternative to intravenous cytomegalovirus hyperimmune immunoglobulin (CMVIG) for prophylaxis and therapy of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, we measured the ELISA and neutralizing titres of CMV-specific antibodies in CMVIG and IVIG preparations.

Materials And Methods: Anti-CMV-IgG ELISA and neutralizing titres (fibroblast-based test) in CMVIG CG (Cytogam®, n = 20), CMVIG CT (Cytotect® CP, n = 3), IVIG P (Privigen®, n = 32) and IVIG K/G (Kiovig®/Gammagard®, n = 5) were compared, and IgG subclasses 1-4 were determined by nephelometry.

Results: Cytomegalovirus hyperimmune immunoglobulins contained more than fourfold higher CMV ELISA and CMV-neutralizing activity per gram of IgG than the standard IVIGs.

Fast oxygen exchange and diffusion kinetics of grain boundaries in Sr-doped LaMnO3 thin films.

In this study, the contribution of grain boundaries to the oxygen reduction and diffusion kinetics of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM) thin films is investigated.

A novel approach for analyzing electrochemical properties of mixed conducting solid oxide fuel cell anode materials by impedance spectroscopy.

For application of acceptor-doped mixed conducting oxides as solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes, high electrochemical surface activity as well as acceptable electronic and ionic conductivity are crucial. In a reducing atmosphere, particularly the electronic conductivity of acceptor-doped oxides can become rather low and the resulting complex interplay of electrochemical reactions and charge transport processes makes a mechanistic interpretation of impedance measurements very complicated. In order to determine all relevant resistive and capacitive contributions of mixed conducting electrodes in a reducing atmosphere, a novel electrode design and impedance-based analysis technique is therefore introduced.

Electrochemical properties of LaSrCoO thin films investigated by complementary impedance spectroscopy and isotope exchange depth profiling.

The oxygen exchange and diffusion properties of LaSrCoO thin films on yttria stabilized zirconia were analyzed by impedance spectroscopy and O tracer experiments. The investigations were performed on the same thin film samples and at the same temperature (400 °C) in order to get complementary information by the two methods. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy can reveal resistive and capacitive contributions of such systems, but an exact interpretation of the spectra of complex oxide electrodes is often difficult from impedance data alone.

Elimination of standing wave effects in ultrasound radiation force excitation in air using random carrier frequency packets.

The ultrasound radiation force has been used for noncontact excitation of devices ranging from microcantilevers to acoustic guitars. For ultrasound radiation force excitation, one challenge is formation of standing waves between the ultrasound transducer and the device under test. Standing waves result in constructive/destructive interference causing significant variations in the intensity of the ultrasound field.

Noncontact modal analysis of a pipe organ reed using airborne ultrasound stimulated vibrometry.

The goal of this study was to excite and measure, in a noncontact manner, the vibrational modes of the reed from a reed organ pipe. To perform ultrasound stimulated excitation, the audio-range difference frequency between a pair of ultrasound beams produced a radiation force that induced vibrations. The resulting vibrational deflection shapes were measured with a scanning laser vibrometer.

Continuous melting and ion chromatographic analyses of ice cores.

A new method for determining concentrations of organic and inorganic ions in ice cores by continuous melting and contemporaneous ion chromatographic analyses was developed. A subcore is melted on a melting device and the meltwater produced is collected in two parallel sample loops and then analyzed simultaneously by two ion chromatographs, one for anions and one for cations. For most of the analyzed species, lower or equal blank values were achieved with the continuous melting and analysis technique compared to the conventional analysis.

Measurement of the resonant d(mu)t molecular formation rate in solid HD.

Measurements of muon-catalyzed dt fusion ( d(mu)t-->4He + n + mu(-)) in solid HD have been performed. The theory describing the energy dependent resonant molecular formation rate for the reaction (mu)t + HD-->[(d(mu)t)pee](*) is compared to experimental results in a pure solid HD target. Constraints on the rates are inferred through the use of a Monte Carlo model developed specifically for the experiment.

Resonant formation of d&mgr;t molecules in deuterium: An atomic beam measurement of muon catalyzed dt fusion.

Resonant formation of d&mgr;t molecules in collisions of muonic tritium ( &mgr;t) on D2 was investigated using a beam of &mgr;t atoms, demonstrating a new direct approach in muon catalyzed fusion studies. Strong epithermal resonances in d&mgr;t formation were directly revealed for the first time. From the time-of-flight analysis of 2036+/-116 dt fusion events, a formation rate consistent with 0.