The Mediating Role of Problematic Alcohol Consumption on the Association Between Pandemic-Related Strains and Domestic Violence Across Six Countries.

Research has documented that domestic violence increased worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies have also suggested that alcohol use, which also increased during COVID-19, is a risk factor for domestic violence victimization. However, research has yet to examine whether alcohol consumption mediated the relationship between pandemic-related stressful events and domestic violence.

Clinical trial: The effectiveness of long-acting somatostatin analogue for output reduction of high-output intestinal fistula or small bowel enterostomy. A randomised controlled trial.

Background: High-output intestinal fistulas and small bowel enterostomies are associated with morbidity and mortality. Current standard treatment for output reduction consists of fluid and dietary restrictions and medical therapy. There is conflicting evidence regarding the use of somatostatin analogues for output reduction.

Integrating the Patient Perspective to Validate a Measure of Disease Severity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Online Survey of Patients and Their Physicians.

Background: The patient perspective is essential for assessing disease severity, but it is not always adequately considered. We describe how a comprehensive clinical disease severity index (DSI) for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) correlates with patient global self-assessment (PGSA).

Methods: In an individually linked parallel online survey, physicians provided the DSI, and patients provided self-assessed severity using a global question and visual analog scale (0-100) (PGSA).

Necrotizing enterocolitis: a potential protective role for intestinal alkaline phosphatase as lipopolysaccharide detoxifying enzyme.

Introduction: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening inflammatory disease. Its onset might be triggered by Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) activation via bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We hypothesize that a deficiency of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), an enzyme secreted by enterocytes that dephosphorylates LPS, may contribute to NEC development.

Topical antimicrobial treatment of mesh for the reduction of surgical site infections after hernia repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Use of mesh is essential in hernia repair. A common complication after hernia repair is surgical site infection (SSI), which poses a risk in spreading to the mesh, possibly causing mesh infection. Topical antimicrobial pretreatment of mesh may potentially reduce SSI risk in hernia repair and has shown promising results in in vitro and in vivo studies.

Comparison of Two Versus Three Bilateral Botulinum Toxin Injections Prior to Abdominal Wall Reconstruction.

Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin A (BTA) induces a temporary muscle paralysis. In patients with a ventral hernia, preoperative injection of BTA in the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall (LAW) leads to thinning and lengthening of these muscles, making fascial closure more likely. In many hernia centres, treatment with BTA prior to abdominal wall reconstruction has therefore become standard care.

A Systematic Review of Wheelchair and Mobility Scooter Containment Systems Used Internationally on Public Transit Buses.

Despite the daily need for people to travel on public transit buses using their wheeled mobility devices, relatively little information is available regarding the most efficacious, affordable, and independent approaches to assist passengers with keeping their mobility devices in the designated wheelchair access space. A systematic review was undertaken to summarize this literature, place it within a geographical and temporal context, appraise its quality, and establish common themes. Key academic and grey literature transportation databases and government websites searched from 1990 to May 2022 identified 33 documents, which were appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) or the Authority, Accuracy, Coverage, Objectivity, Date, Significance (AACODS) tool.

Effect of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation for ineffective cough on weaning duration in diseases of the peripheral or central nervous system (MEDINE): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in a neurological weaning centre.

Introduction: Patients with neurological or neurosurgical disease can suffer from impaired cough, which may result in life-threatening retention of tracheobronchial secretions, atelectasis, pneumonia and finally death. Due to a lack of alternatives and pathophysiological plausibility, the application of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) has already become international standard care in neuromuscular disease and spinal cord injury although a lack of evidence for efficacy. High-quality studies to support the use of MI-E in neurological and neurosurgical patients during weaning from mechanical ventilation are missing.

Comparison of two-dimensional measurement with three-dimensional volume rendering for the assessment of loss of domain in incisional hernia patients.

Purpose: We aimed to compare simple two-dimensional (2D) measurement with comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) volume rendering to determine loss of domain (LOD), a clinically important decision-making feature for incisional hernia repair.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, we analyzed the CT scans of a consecutive cohort of adult patients with a midline incisional hernia. The hernia sac- and abdominal cavity volumes were obtained by two different methods.

Multiple Disadvantage and Social Networks: Toward an Integrated Theory of Health Care Use During Reentry From Criminal Justice Settings.

Research consistently finds the disproportionate negative health impact of the criminal justice system on racial and ethnic minorities. Yet less is known about the underlying mechanisms of health care utilization during community reintegration. We contribute to the literature theoretically by integrating two perspectives: network theory of social capital and multiple disadvantage hypothesis and providing a more nuanced explanation of health service use during reentry.

A computed tomography study investigating the effects of botulinum toxin injections prior to complex abdominal wall reconstruction.

Objective: To explore how intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin A (BTA) affects the lateral abdominal wall (LAW) musculature, abdominal- and hernia dimensions, and muscle structure on computed tomography (CT) in patients scheduled for complex abdominal wall reconstruction (CAWR).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively registered patients who received bilateral intramuscular BTA injections into all three muscles of the LAW. Only patients for which a CT was available before and 3-6 weeks after BTA treatment prior to surgery were analyzed.

Conformational evolution following the sequential molecular dehydrogenation of PMDI on a Cu(111) surface.

Molecular spatial conformational evolution following the corresponding chemical reaction pathway at surfaces is important to understand and optimize chemical processes. Combining experimental and theoretical methods, the sequential N-H and C-H dehydrogenation of pyromellitic diimide (PMDI) on a Cu(111) surface are reported. STM experiments and atomistic modeling allow structural analysis at each well-defined reaction step.

Flexible semiparametric mode regression for time-to-event data.

The distribution of time-to-event outcomes is usually right-skewed. While for symmetric and moderately skewed data the mean and median are appropriate location measures, the mode is preferable for heavily skewed data as it better represents the center of the distribution. Mode regression has been introduced for uncensored data to model the relationship between covariates and the mode of the outcome.

Risk Factor-Driven Prehabilitation Prior to Abdominal Wall Reconstruction to Improve Postoperative Outcome. A Narrative Review.

All abdominal wall reconstructions find themselves on a scale, varying between simple to highly complex procedures. The level of complexity depends on many factors that are divided into patient comorbidities, hernia characteristics, and wound characteristics. Preoperative identification of modifiable risk factors provides the opportunity for patient optimization.

Orthopedic Interventions for Foot Deformities in Non-Ambulant People with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Retrospective Study on Indications, Post-Operative and Long-Term Outcomes.

Background: Progressive equinovarus deformities are common in people with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD); they may provoke pain, pressure spots, cause problems with wearing footwear, and may lead to an unstable sitting position.

Objective: Explore indications and compare complications and long-term outcomes after soft tissue and osseous interventions in people with DMD.

Methods: Retrospective, monocenter, longitudinal study.

Comparison of Salt Iodization Requirements in National Standards with Global Guidelines.

Background: Food fortification is the addition of 1 or more micronutrients to commonly consumed foods and is utilized by many countries as a public health intervention to prevent and control micronutrient deficiencies. As iodine deficiency was a major public health issue globally, the WHO developed evidence-based guidelines for the fortification of salt with iodine. The implementation of salt iodization has been highly successful in reducing iodine deficiency disorders worldwide and is recommended as the main strategy to prevent iodine deficiency.

Psychological interventions for inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and component network meta-analysis protocol.

Introduction: Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) often report psychological problems, unemployment, disability, sick leave and compromised quality of life. The effect of psychological interventions on health-related outcomes in IBD is controversial as previous reviews faced the obstacle of high heterogeneity among provided multimodular interventions. The heterogeneity can be addressed with network meta-analysis (NMA) and (multi)component NMA (CNMA).

Crime and deviance during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the world and inevitably influenced people's behaviors including the likelihood of crime and deviance. Emerging empirical evidence suggests a decline in certain crimes (e.g.

The Effect of Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy with Instillation Compared to Current Standard Care on Wound Closure Time of Infected Wounds: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Infected wounds extend healing time and are associated with higher treatment costs than noninfected wounds. Several observational studies indicate that negative-pressure wound therapy with instillation can effectively reduce bacterial bioburden and improve wound healing. Only a few randomized trials with small sample sizes have been published, and a meta-analysis directly comparing negative-pressure wound therapy with instillation to current standard care is lacking.

First-in-Human Evaluation of Oral Denatonium Acetate (ARD-101), a Potential Bitter Taste Receptor Agonist: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 1 Trial in Healthy Adults.

Preclinical studies in animal models of obesity and inflammation have shown that oral administration of ARD-101, a potential TAS2R agonist, reduced food intake and body weight and downregulated inflammatory cytokines. We present results from a first-in-human phase 1 randomized, placebo-controlled trial that evaluated safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of single or multiple ascending doses of oral ARD-101 (40, 100, and 240 mg) in healthy adults. A total of 43 subjects were randomly assigned and dosed to ARD-101 or placebo with 42 subjects completing the study treatment.

Clinical outcomes of open abdominal wall reconstruction with the use of a polypropylene reinforced tissue matrix: a multicenter retrospective study.

Objective: To assess mesh behaviour and clinical outcomes of open complex abdominal wall reconstruction (CAWR) with the use of a polypropylene reinforced tissue matrix.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective study of adult patients who underwent open CAWR with the use of a permanent polypropylene reinforced tissue matrix (OviTex) between June 2019 and January 2021.

Results: Fifty-five consecutive patients from four hospitals in the Netherlands were analysed; 46 patients with a ventral hernia and 9 patients with an open abdomen.