Propane-1,2-diols from dilactides, oligolactides, or poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA): from plastic waste to chiral bulk chemicals.

The preparation of racemic or enantioenriched propane-1,2-diol from dilactides, oligolactides, or poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is described. The transformation is carried out as tandem reactions in MeOH, covering hydrolysis and subsequent hydrogenation by using copper chromite as a catalyst. The starting material present undesired side products of the PLLA synthesis or PLLA waste.

CD4+ T cells migrate into inflamed skin only if they express ligands for E- and P-selectin.

Previous data suggested a role of endothelial selectins in skin homing of lymphocytes. In the current study, we have analyzed the expression and functional role of E-and P-selectin ligands on CD4+ T cells induced in vivo upon skin sensitization, using soluble selectin-Ig chimera and blocking Abs. Only low numbers of CD4+ cells expressing significant levels of E- or P-selectin ligands were present in s.

The migratory behavior of murine CD4+ cells of memory phenotype.

Lymphocyte differentiation is connected with profound alterations in the migratory pattern of lymphocytes. Whereas naive cells predominantly recirculate through lymphoid tissues, activated lymphocytes acquire an increased preference for immigration into non-lymphoid tissues and a reduced capacity for recirculation via high endothelial venules (HEV). A variety of data had indicated that memory-related subpopulations of cells in man and sheep, classified by the low expression of the CD45RA isotype, also lack the capacity to recirculate via HEV.

P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) on T helper 1 but not on T helper 2 cells binds to P-selectin and supports migration into inflamed skin.

We have shown recently that mouse Th1 cells but not Th2 cells are selectively recruited into inflamed sites of a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction of the skin. This migration was blocked by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against P- and E-selectin. Here we show that Th1 cells bind to P-selectin via the P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1).

The effect of potassium, calcium and magnesium concentration on insulin and glucagon secretion of the perfused dog pancreas.

The effect of different potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations in the perfusate on the hormone secretion of the isolated dog pancreas was investigated. A potassium concentration above 15 mMol/l shortly stimulates the insulin and glucagon secretion. Potassium ions (greater than or equal to 15 mMol/l) completely inhibit the early phase of glucose-induced insulin release.

[Oxygen requirements of the isolated dog pancreas].

This contribution reports about the oxygen requirement of the isolated perfused dog pancreas. A solution with the content of red blood corpuscles, a stroma-free hemoglobin solution or a perfusate--free from oxygen carriers--were applied. The oxygen requirement of the pancreas amounts to 0.

[Hypothermic perfusion and cold storage of the dog pancreas].

The results of 18-hours of hypothermic pulsatile perfusion and 18-hours of cold storage of canine pancreas are compared. Both methods of preservation yield the same endocrine pancreas function. However preservation of pancreas by perfusion results in considerable oedema of the gland and high enzyme activity in the perfusate.

[Effect of potassium concentration of the perfusion solution on organ resistance of the perfused dog pancreas].

The influence of different potassium concentrations in the perfusate on the perfusion pressure of isolated dog pancreas is reported. A potassium concentration above 30 mmol/l leads both under hypothermic and normothermic conditions to an increase of the vascular resistance, That's why organs with a small blood flow should be perfused with solutions poor in potassium also in the initial perfusion.

[Results of islet transplantation in diabetic dogs].

The influence of histocompatibility on islet transplantation in dogs was studied. Donors and hosts were chosen by help of the macrophage-electrophoresis-mobility test. By subtotal pancreatectomy and twice applying streptocotocin diabetes was successfully induced in recipient animals.

Transplantation of isologous islets of Langerhans in diabetic rats. Long-term immunohistochemical results.

Isologous isolated islets of Langerhans were transplanted into the peritoneum and through the portal vein into the liver of diabetic rats. This resulted in the normalization of fasting blood glucose levels, with clear improvement of glucose tolerance tests. The results after intrahepatic implantation were better than after intraperitoneal implantation.

Family sequelae after a child's death due to cancer.

In a small study assessing the psychologic sequelae on disadvantaged families after a child's death from cancer, a high incidence of psychologic problems was found. The implication is that the coping mechanisms failed partially as a result of inadequate anticipatory griefing.

[Transplantation of isolated islets of Langerhans into the liver of diabetic dogs (author's transl)].

Isolated islets of Langerhans were transplanted through the portal vein in the liver of 8 diabetic dogs; In 4 dogs a homologous transplantation was performed and another group of four dogs received isolated islets from their sisters or brothers. In both groups, there was an immediate effect on the blood glucose level. After pancreatectomy and injection of Alloxan the blood glucose rose to between 350 and 420 mg per 100 ml and after islet implantation the blood glucose decreased between 80 to 160 mg per 100 ml.

Relationship of psychopathology to death in asthmatic adolescents.

With the help of three illustrative cases, all of whom died during an acute asthmatic attack, it is proposed that patients with severe psychopathology who also have asthma are particularly susceptible to the more serious complications of asthma. This is related to the circular reactions to anxiety and the patient's incapacity to cope with it. Often these patients are either unusually sensitive to the pharmacological agents used in the medical regime, or they overmedicate themselves.

The pediatrician and the dying child. "Physician, know thyself".

To deal with problems aroused in professional medical staff working with fatally ill children, a team of psychiatrics and oncologists not only deals with the problems of the children and their families, but also with problems of the medical staff themselves. Psychotherapy to the medical staff is offered only indirectly. The overriding difficulty which prevents the medical staff from maintaining role-appearance behavior is dealing with the theme of death.

Development of the implantation chamber in the pregnant bitch.

Uteri taken from 25 bitches at various times during the early stages of pregnancy were studies cytologically to determine how the implantation chamber developed and how fetal-maternal relations were established. On day 13 after the end of estrus, knobs of trophoblastic syncytium formed and became wedged between cells of the uterine luminal epithelium. The syncytium quickly spread along the uterine lumen and into the mouths of the glands, dislodging and surrounding maternal cells.

Development of the endometrium during the estrous cycle in the bitch.

The endometrium of 40 cycling bitches was studied using cytological, cytochemical, and morphometric techniques. Two principal phases of growth and differentiation can be discerned. Phase one begins at the end of anestrus as serum estrogen levels begin to rise and is completed just prior to estrus.