Digestive and metabolic bioavailability in healthy humans of N-labeled rapeseed and flaxseed protein incorporated in biscuits.

Background: In the search to diversify protein sources for humans, oilseeds are good candidates due to the high protein content of their coproducts after oil extraction. Among them, rapeseed presents a well-balanced amino acid (AA) profile. Flaxseed is an emerging source but the nutritional value of its protein is not yet documented.

Comparing long-term educational effects of two early childhood health interventions.

We compare the educational effects of two medical protocols that mitigate long-term consequences of prematurity or low birth weight. The two protocols are Traditional Care (TC), which uses incubators, and Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) which replaces incubators for 24-hour skin-to-skin contact between newborns and caregivers. We concentrate on educational outcomes addressing contradictory results in previous contributions.

Kangaroo mother care had a protective effect on the volume of brain structures in young adults born preterm.

Aim: The protective effects of Kangaroo mother care (KMC) on the neurodevelopment of preterm infants are well established, but we do not know whether the benefits persist beyond infancy. Our aim was to determine whether providing KMC in infancy affected brain volumes in young adulthood.

Method: Standardised cognitive, memory and motor skills tests were used to determine the brain volumes of 20-year-old adults who had formed part of a randomised controlled trial of KMC versus incubator care.

The True Amino Acid Digestibility of 15N-Labelled Sunflower Biscuits Determined with Ileal Balance and Dual Isotope Methods in Healthy Humans.

Background: Sunflower is a promising protein source but data on amino acid (AA) digestibility are lacking in humans. Classically, the determination of AA digestibility requires ileal digesta sampling. The dual isotope method is minimally invasive but has not been compared to the conventional approach.

Amphiphilic Iodine(III) Reagents for the Lipophilization of Peptides in Water.

We report the functionalization of cysteine residues with lipophilic alkynes bearing a silyl group or an alkyl chain using amphiphilic ethynylbenziodoxolone reagents (EBXs). The reactions were carried out in buffer (pH 6 to 9), without organic co-solvent or removal of oxygen, either at 37 °C or room temperature. The transformation led to a significant increase of peptide lipophilicity and worked for aromatic thiols, homocysteine, cysteine, and peptides containing 4 to 18 amino acids.

Community Versus Hospital Opioid-Related Overdose Deaths in Illinois.

Objective: To better understand approaches to reducing mortality from the opioid epidemic, we analyzed in-hospital versus community opioid-related overdose deaths in Illinois.

Methods: We used data from the Statewide Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System (July 2017 through December 2018) to identify deaths that occurred in hospitals and communities (ie, homes or public spaces). We used census tract-level data for 34 Illinois counties to create bivariate mapping by overdose death rates.

Hospital Care for Opioid use in Illinois, 2016-2019.

This study analyzes trends in hospital emergency room visits and admissions for patients with opioid diagnoses seen at 214 hospitals in Illinois over 42 months. Visits were coded hierarchically for opioid overdose, dependence, abuse, or use. Visit rates per 100,000 were stratified by zip code level of poverty.

Impact of maternal prenatal psychological stress on birth weight.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of prenatal maternal stress on birth weight using a large cohort of predominantly White women living in an urban area.

Method: Women were recruited between 2005 and 2010. Data collection took place between the 24th and the 28th week of gestation.

Protein and amino acid digestibility of N Spirulina in rats.

Purpose: Spirulina is often used as dietary supplement for its protein content and quality. However, in vivo data on protein digestibility are lacking. This study aims to determine nitrogen and amino acid digestibility in rats.

Ethynylation of Cysteine Residues: From Peptides to Proteins in Vitro and in Living Cells.

Current approaches to introduce terminal alkynes for bioorthogonal reactions into biomolecules still present limitations in terms of either reactivity, selectivity, or adduct stability. We present a method for the ethynylation of cysteine residues based on the use of ethynylbenziodoxolone (EBX) reagents. The acetylene group is directly introduced onto the thiol group of cysteine and can be used for copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) without further processing.

15N and ²H Intrinsic Labeling Demonstrate That Real Digestibility in Rats of Proteins and Amino Acids from Sunflower Protein Isolate Is Almost as High as That of Goat Whey.

Background: In the context of developing plant protein sources for humans, sunflower is a good candidate in its form as an oilseed coproduct.

Objectives: We aimed to compare the real digestibility in rats of a sunflower isolate to that of goat whey protein. We also studied the efficiency of 15N and 2H intrinsic labeling in this assessment.

Effect of different bariatric surgeries on dietary protein bioavailability in rats.

Bariatric surgery may induce protein malabsorption, although data are scarce. This study aims at evaluating dietary protein bioavailability after different bariatric surgeries in rats. Diet-induced obese Wistar rats were operated for vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Stereoselective synthesis of alkyl-, aryl-, vinyl- and alkynyl-substituted -enamides and enol ethers.

Enamides and enol ethers are valuable building blocks in synthetic chemistry, yet their stereoselective synthesis can be challenging. Herein, we report a new stereoselective synthesis of vinyl, aryl, alkynyl, alkyl and thio-substituted -enamides and enol ethers based on the use of vinylbenziodoxolone (VBX) reagents. The stable VBX reagents were synthesized by stereoselective addition of N- or O-nucleophiles on the corresponding alkynyl reagents in the presence of a catalytic amount of cesium carbonate.

Randomised controlled trial on the impact of kinesthetic stimulation on early somatic growth of preterm infants in Kangaroo position.

Aim: Evaluation of early growth in preterm infants receiving kinesthetic stimulation with massage in Kangaroo position or in incubator.

Methods: A cohort of 66 infants between 30 and 33 weeks of gestational age (GA), born at a university hospital in 2013 in Bogota, were randomised when eligible to intervention. We measured weight gain (g/kg/day) at five days and 15 days postrandomisation and weight at 40 weeks, according to chronological age at randomisation.

Altered transcallosal inhibition evidenced by transcranial magnetic stimulation highlights neurophysiological consequences of premature birth in early adulthood.

Background And Objective: A very preterm birth can induce deleterious neurophysiological consequences beyond childhood; alterations of the corpus callosum (CC) are reported in adolescents born very preterm along with cognitive impairments. The question remains whether neurophysiological alterations are still detectable in adulthood such as an alteration in CC inhibitory function. The aim of the present study was thus to examine transcallosal inhibition in young adults born very preterm compared to counterparts born at term.

The long-term effects of the Kangaroo Mother Care intervention on cognitive functioning: Results from a longitudinal study.

This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of the Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) intervention on the intellectual and attentional functioning of young adults born with low birth weight. Three hundred infants were randomly assigned at birth in one of two interventions, KMC or traditional care (TC), and completed cognitive tests at adulthood (19-21 years after recruitment). The main results show that participants with a neurological vulnerability at 6 months had higher IQ and sustained attention scores at adulthood if they had received KMC than if they had received TC.

Cortisol and blood pressure levels decreased in fathers during the first hour of skin-to-skin contact with their premature babies.

Aim: Premature birth is an extremely stressful experience. In 2013 to 2014, we explored the physiological stress responses of fathers during their first skin-to-skin contact (SSC) with their new baby.

Methods: We recruited 49 fathers whose partners had given birth to a premature baby of up to 33 weeks and three days.

Social dominance in children with cerebral palsy during a problem-solving task with peers.

Purpose: Children with cerebral palsy tend to have poorer social competence outcomes than their peers without a disability in mainstream school settings. To understand their social competence, this study compared children with cerebral palsy with paired children without cerebral palsy with respect to their ability to access resources, defined here as "social dominance", in a problem-solving situation.

Method: Children with cerebral palsy were randomly paired to a peer (teammate) and put in a competitive context where each team of two children was instructed to solve an impossible problem.

Twenty-year Follow-up of Kangaroo Mother Care Versus Traditional Care.

Background And Objectives: Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a multifaceted intervention for preterm and low birth weight infants and their parents. Short- and mid-term benefits of KMC on survival, neurodevelopment, breastfeeding, and the quality of mother-infant bonding were documented in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted in Colombia from 1993 to 1996. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the persistence of these results in young adulthood.

Sociometric status and the attribution of intentions in a sample of adolescents with cerebral palsy.

Purpose To examine how cerebral palsy (CP) and sociometric status at age 10 explain the development of a cognitive bias across two groups of adolescents aged 15. Method Children with CP (N = 60) and without CP (N = 57) are part of a follow-up study. Three categories of sociometric status (popular, average, rejected) were obtained by conducting a class-wide interview in the class of the target children at age 10.

Chiral Diarylmethanes via Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Arylation with Organolithium Compounds.

A highly enantioselective copper/N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed allylic arylation with organolithium compounds is presented. The use of commercial or readily prepared aryllithium reagents in the reaction with allyl bromides affords a variety of chiral diarylvinylmethanes, comprising a privileged structural motif in pharmaceuticals, in high yields with good to excellent regio- and enantioselectivities. The versatility of this new transformation is illustrated in the formal synthesis of the marketed drug tolterodine (Detrol).

Risk for preterm and very preterm delivery in women who were born preterm.

Objective: To evaluate whether women who themselves were born preterm are at increased risk of preterm delivery and, if so, whether known maternal complications of preterm birth such as hypertension or diabetes explain this risk.

Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study of all women born preterm (51,148) and term (823,991) in Québec, Canada, between 1976 and 1995; after frequency matching 1:2 preterm to term, we examined the relationship of preterm birth between women and their offspring.

Results: The study included 7,405 women who were born preterm (554 before 32 weeks of gestation and 6,851 at 32-36 weeks of gestation) and 16,714 women born term, who delivered 12,248 and 27,879 newborns, respectively.