Dysregulation Profile in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Italian Multi-Center Perspective.

: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication impairments and repetitive behaviors. Recent reports show that one in thirty-six 8-year-old children are autistic, signifying a considerable public health concern. According to previous studies, emotional dysregulation (ED) affects 50-60% of individuals with ASD and includes symptoms such as poor emotional control, heightened reactivity, and a low frustration tolerance.

Identifying the best treatment choice for relapsing/refractory glioblastoma: a systematic review with multiple Bayesian network meta-analyses.

Background: Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive primary central nervous system tumor characterized by poor outcomes. In case of relapse or progression to adjuvant chemotherapy, there is no univocal preferred regimen for relapsing glioblastoma.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and Bayesian trial-level network meta-analyses (NMA) to identify the regimens associated with the best outcomes.

Haptic and visuo-haptic impairments for object recognition in children with autism spectrum disorder: focus on the sensory and multisensory processing dysfunctions.

Dysfunctions in sensory processing are widely described in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although little is known about the developmental course and the impact of these difficulties on the learning processes during the preschool and school ages of ASD children. Specifically, as regards the interplay between visual and haptic information in ASD during developmental age, knowledge is very scarce and controversial. In this study, we investigated unimodal (visual and haptic) and cross-modal (visuo-haptic) processing skills aimed at object recognition through a behavioural paradigm already used in children with typical development (TD), with cerebral palsy and with peripheral visual impairments.

Prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy by MammaTyper® across breast cancer subtypes: A retrospective cross-sectional study.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is widely used in the treatment of triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer (BC), but its use in estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) positive/HER2-negative BC is questioned because of the low pathologic complete response (pCR) rates. This retrospective study assessed the mRNA-based MammaTyper® assay's capability of predicting pCR with NACT, and ER, PR, Ki67, and HER2 status at immunohistochemical (IHC) through transcriptomics.

Methods: Diagnostic biopsies from 76 BC patients treated at the Cremona Hospital between 2012-2018 were analyzed.

Sex/Gender Differences in the Language Profiles of Italian Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Study.

Sex/gender (S/G) differences in ASD language profiles have been poorly investigated. The present study aims to explore whether male (M) and female (F) children with ASD and with normal non-verbal cognitive abilities differ in their linguistic profiles. A sample of 76 Italian children with ASD (range: 4.

A Potential Biomarker of Brain Activity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Pilot fNIRS Study in Female Preschoolers.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a neurodevelopmental condition whose detection still remains challenging in young females due to the heterogeneity of the behavioral phenotype and the capacity of camouflage. The availability of quantitative biomarkers to assess brain function may support in the assessment of ASD. Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive and flexible tool that quantifies cortical hemodynamic responses (HDR) that can be easily employed to describe brain activity.

Impact of sleep disorders on behavioral issues in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder.

Background: Sleep disorders are one of the most common problems in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, they often tend to be underdiagnosed and incorrectly treated in clinical practice. This study aims to identify sleep disorders in preschool children with ASD and to explore their relationship with the core symptoms of autism, the child's developmental and cognitive level as well as the psychiatric comorbidities.

CRISIS AFAR: an international collaborative study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and service access in youth with autism and neurodevelopmental conditions.

Background: Heterogeneous mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic are documented in the general population. Such heterogeneity has not been systematically assessed in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and related neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). To identify distinct patterns of the pandemic impact and their predictors in ASD/NDD youth, we focused on pandemic-related changes in symptoms and access to services.

Proof-of-concept randomized phase II non-inferiority trial of simple versus type B2 hysterectomy in early-stage cervical cancer ≤2 cm (LESSER).

Objective: To evaluate the non-inferiority and safety of simple hysterectomy in early stage (<2 cm) cervical cancer.

Methods: This proof-of-concept randomized phase II non-inferiority trial was performed between May 2015 and April 2018 in three oncological centers in Northeast Brazil. Patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2009 stages IA2-IB1 cervical cancer and tumors ≤2 cm were treated with either simple or modified radical hysterectomy (Querleu-Morrow type B2).

Tissue fluidification promotes a cGAS-STING cytosolic DNA response in invasive breast cancer.

The process in which locally confined epithelial malignancies progressively evolve into invasive cancers is often promoted by unjamming, a phase transition from a solid-like to a liquid-like state, which occurs in various tissues. Whether this tissue-level mechanical transition impacts phenotypes during carcinoma progression remains unclear. Here we report that the large fluctuations in cell density that accompany unjamming result in repeated mechanical deformations of cells and nuclei.

High-Risk Siblings without Autism: Insights from a Clinical and Eye-Tracking Study.

Joint attention (JA)-the human ability to coordinate our attention with that of other people-is impaired in the early stage of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, little is known about the JA skills in the younger siblings of children with ASD who do not develop ASD at 36 months of age [high-risk (HR)-noASD]. In order to advance our understanding of this topic, a prospective multicenter observational study was conducted with three groups of toddlers (age range: 18-33 months): 17 with ASD, 19 with HR-noASD and 16 with typical development (TD).

The Bio-Diversity and the Role of Gut Microbiota in Postmenopausal Women with Luminal Breast Cancer Treated with Aromatase Inhibitors: An Observational Cohort Study.

The interactions between aromatase inhibitors (AI) in breast cancer (BC) and gut microbiota (GM) have not been completely established yet. The aim of the study is to evaluate the bio-diversity of GM and the relationship between GM, inflammation and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in postmenopausal women with BC during adjuvant AI treatment compared to women with disease relapse during or after one year of AI therapy ("endocrine-resistant"). We conducted a monocenter observational case-control study.

Dissecting the multifaceted contribution of the mitochondrial genome to autism spectrum disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a clinically heterogeneous class of neurodevelopmental conditions with a strong, albeit complex, genetic basis. The genetic architecture of ASD includes different genetic models, from monogenic transmission at one end, to polygenic risk given by thousands of common variants with small effects at the other end. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was also proposed as a genetic modifier for ASD, mostly focusing on maternal mtDNA, since the paternal mitogenome is not transmitted to offspring.

From seaside to bedside: Current evidence and future perspectives in the treatment of breast cancer using marine compounds.

To date, only few marine natural compounds have been proved to be active in breast cancer (BC). The main marine-derived drugs that have been studied for the treatment of BC are tubulin-binding agents (eribulin and plocabulin), DNA-targeting agents (cytarabine and minor groove binders-trabectedin and lurbinectedin) and Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs). Notably, eribulin is the only approved cytotoxic drug for the treatment of advanced BC (ABC), while cytarabine has a limited indication in case of leptomeningeal diffusion of the disease.

Randomized trial of sucrosomial iron supplementation in patients with chemotherapy-related anemia treated with ESA.

Background: Iron supplementation improves the erythropoiesis-stimulating agents' (ESAs) response in chemotherapy-related anemia. The primary aim of our study is to assess the efficacy of sucrosomial iron, a new oral iron formulation, in cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia treated with ESAs. The secondary objectives included the efficacy into two subgroups of patients (iron replete and functional iron deficiency) between the two study arms, safety and the effect on transfusion need.

Interventions on Microbiota: Where Do We Stand on a Gut-Brain Link in Autism? A Systematic Review.

The alteration of the microbiota-gut-brain axis has been recently recognized as a critical modulator of neuropsychiatric health and a possible factor in the etiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This systematic review offers practitioners an overview of the potential therapeutic options to modify dysbiosis, GI symptoms, and ASD severity by modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis in ASD, taking into consideration limits and benefits from current findings. Comprehensive searches of PubMed, Scopus, the Web of Science Core Collection, and EMBASE were performed from 2000 to 2021, crossing terms referred to ASD and treatments acting on the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

A phase 2 trial of short-course Hyperthermic IntraPeritoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) at interval cytoreductive surgery (iCRS) for advanced ovarian cancer.

Objective: to report the final analysis of a phase 2 trial assessing the efficacy and safety of short-course hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Methods: this was an open-label, multicenter, single-arm trial of HIPEC in patients with advanced EOC who underwent interval cytoreductive surgery (iCRS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). HIPEC was performed as a concentration-based regimen of platinum-based chemotherapy for 30 minutes.

Correlation among maternal risk factors, gene methylation and disease severity in females with autism spectrum disorder.

To detect early-life environmental factors leading to DNA methylation changes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-related genes in young ASD females and reveal epigenetic biomarkers of disease severity. We investigated blood methylation levels of , , , , ,  and genes in 42 ASD females. Maternal gestational weight gain correlated with methylation levels (Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.

Muscle weakness as an additional criterion for grading sarcopenia-related prognosis in patients with cancer.

Background: Low muscle strength has been pointed out as a key characteristic of sarcopenia, but the prognostic significance of muscle function next to reduced skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in patients with cancer has been scantily investigated.

Methods: Data on muscle strength by handgrip (HG) dynamometry and total-body SMM estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) of Italian and German patients with cancer observed prospectively until death or censoring were analysed (N = 1076). Patients were stratified in four risk categories based on low HG (<10th percentiles of age and gender-specific normative values) and low total-body SMM according to SMM index cutoffs (<10.

Dietary Patterns and Weight Status in Italian Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Children.

Atypical eating habits are more common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) than typically developing (TD) peers. Feeding problems may lead to the double burden of specific nutrient deficiencies and excessive weight gain, with a consequent increase in obesity prevalence. The dietary intake of Italian preschoolers with ASD compared to their TD peers and the impact of their dietary choices on their weight status and relationship to food selectivity (FS) were investigated.

17q12 Recurrent Deletions and Duplications: Description of a Case Series with Neuropsychiatric Phenotype.

Syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders are usually investigated through genetics technologies, within which array comparative genomic hybridization (Array-CGH) is still considered the first-tier clinical diagnostic test. Among recurrent syndromic imbalances, 17q12 deletions and duplications are characterized by neurodevelopmental disorders associated with visceral developmental disorders, although expressive variability is common. Here we describe a case series of 12 patients with 17q12 chromosomal imbalances, in order to expand the phenotypic characterization of these recurrent syndromes whose diagnosis is often underestimated, especially if only mild traits are present.

Behavioral and emotional problems of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder: Effects of parents' sociocultural level and individual factors.

Background: Toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show higher prevalence and severity of Behavioral and Emotional Problems (BEP) than their peers without ASD.

Aims: Investigating the effects of parental factors, i.e.