Growth Prediction of Ground-Glass Nodules Based on Pulmonary Vascular Morphology Nomogram.

Rationale And Objectives: To construct a nomogram combining conventional CT features (CCTFs), morphologically abnormal tumor-related vessels (MATRVs), and clinical features to predict the two-year growth of lung ground-glass nodule (GGN).

Methods: High-resolution CT targeted scan images of 158 patients including 167 GGNs from January 2016 to September 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The CCTF and MATRV of each GGN were recorded.

Refined preferences of prioritizers improve intelligent diagnosis for Mendelian diseases.

Phenotype-guided gene prioritizers have proved a highly efficient approach to identifying causal genes for Mendelian diseases. In our previous study, we preliminarily evaluated the performance of ten prioritizers. However, all the selected software was run based on default settings and singleton mode.

Application of a Deep Learning System to Detect Papilledema on Nonmydriatic Ocular Fundus Photographs in an Emergency Department.

Purpose: The Fundus photography vs Ophthalmoscopy Trial Outcomes in the Emergency Department (FOTO-ED) studies showed that ED providers poorly recognized funduscopic findings in patients in the ED. We tested a modified version of the Brain and Optic Nerve Study Artificial Intelligence (BONSAI) deep learning system on nonmydriatic fundus photographs from the FOTO-ED studies to determine if the deep learning system could have improved the detection of papilledema had it been available to ED providers as a real-time diagnostic aid.

Design: Retrospective secondary analysis of a cohort of patients included in the FOTO-ED studies.

A mechanistic modeling platform of SGLT2 inhibition: Implications for type 1 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by abnormally high blood glucose concentrations due to dysfunction of the insulin-producing beta-cells in the pancreas. Dapagliflozin, an inhibitor of renal glucose reabsorption, has the potential to improve often suboptimal glycemic control in patients with T1DM through insulin-independent mechanisms and to partially mitigate the adverse effects associated with long-term insulin administration. In this work, we have adapted a systems pharmacology model of type 2 diabetes mellitus to describe the T1DM condition and characterize the effect of dapagliflozin on short- and long-term glycemic markers under various treatment scenarios.

Reduced Adenoma Miss Rate With 9-Minute vs 6-Minute Withdrawal Times for Screening Colonoscopy: A Multicenter Randomized Tandem Trial.

Introduction: Although the 9-minute mean withdrawal time (m-WT) is often reported to be associated with the optimal adenoma detection rate (ADR), no randomized trials of screening colonoscopy have confirmed the impact of a 9-minute m-WT on adenoma miss rate (AMR) and ADR.

Methods: A multicenter tandem trial was conducted in 11 centers. Seven hundred thirty-three asymptomatic participants were randomized to receive segmental tandem screening colonoscopy with a 9-minute withdrawal, followed by a 6-minute withdrawal (9-minute-first group, 9MF, n = 366) or vice versa (6-minute-first group, 6MF, n = 367).

Bioethanol production from expired cookies and economic analysis for practical application.

This work examined the potential of bioethanol production from expired cookies (EC) by the separate hydrolysis and fermentation process. EC was hydrolyzed by glucoamylase with different enzyme addition (3.5 U/g to 140 U/g) to produce the EC hydrolysate.

CT/MRI and CEUS LI-RADS Major Features Association with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis.

Background The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) assigns a risk category for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to imaging observations. Establishing the contributions of major features can inform the diagnostic algorithm. Purpose To perform a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis to establish the probability of HCC for each LI-RADS major feature using CT/MRI and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) LI-RADS in patients at high risk for HCC.

The SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a multicenter randomized trial.

Patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have a high burden of symptoms and functional limitations, and have a poor quality of life. By targeting cardiometabolic abmormalities, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may improve these impairments. In this multicenter, randomized trial of patients with HFpEF (NCT03030235), we evaluated whether the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin improves the primary endpoint of Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score (KCCQ-CS), a measure of heart failure-related health status, at 12 weeks after treatment initiation.

Association Between Time to Endovascular Therapy and Outcomes in Patients With Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion.

Objective: To characterize the association of onset to puncture time (OPT) with clinical outcomes among patients with acute basilar artery occlusion receiving endovascular therapy (EVT) in clinical practice.

Methods: Using the EVT for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion (BASILAR) study, we identified consecutive patients with acute basilar artery occlusion receiving EVT in 47 comprehensive stroke centers in China from January 2014 to May 2019. The primary outcome was favorable functional outcome (defined as modified Rankin Scale score [mRS] 0-3) at 90 days.

Contemporary Update of Retinoblastoma in China: Three-Decade Changes in Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Treatments, and Outcomes.

Purpose: To report three-decade changes of clinical characteristics, progress of treatments, and risk factors associated with mortality and enucleation in patients with retinoblastoma in China.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: This multicenter study included 2552 patients diagnosed with retinoblastoma in 38 medical centers in 31 provinces in China from 1989 to 2017, with follow-up data.

Accuracy of a Deep Learning System for Classification of Papilledema Severity on Ocular Fundus Photographs.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of a deep learning system (DLS) in classifying the severity of papilledema associated with increased intracranial pressure on standard retinal fundus photographs.

Methods: A DLS was trained to automatically classify papilledema severity in 965 patients (2,103 mydriatic fundus photographs), representing a multiethnic cohort of patients with confirmed elevated intracranial pressure. Training was performed on 1,052 photographs with mild/moderate papilledema (MP) and 1,051 photographs with severe papilledema (SP) classified by a panel of experts.

The Use of Cabozantinib in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hong Kong-A Territory-Wide Cohort Study.

(1) Background: Cabozantinib is approved in sorafenib-exposed advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC). We evaluated the real-life pattern of use, efficacy, and tolerability of cabozantinib in aHCC. (2) Methods: This territory-wide study included consecutive aHCC patients who received cabozantinib between February 2018 and September 2020 in Hong Kong.

Global Impact of COVID-19 on Stroke Care and IV Thrombolysis.

Objective: To measure the global impact of COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of IV thrombolysis (IVT), IVT transfers, and stroke hospitalizations over 4 months at the height of the pandemic (March 1 to June 30, 2020) compared with 2 control 4-month periods.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study across 6 continents, 70 countries, and 457 stroke centers. Diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes or classifications in stroke databases.

Collateral Status at Single-Phase and Multiphase CT Angiography versus CT Perfusion for Outcome Prediction in Anterior Circulation Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background Collateral status assessed with single- or multiphase CT angiography can be used to predict outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, little is known about whether these measures could be comparable with CT perfusion parameters. Purpose To compare the predictive ability of collateral score systems assessed with single- or multiphase CT angiography and CT perfusion parameters in determining clinical outcomes in patients with AIS. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, data obtained from October 2017 to August 2018 in consecutive patients with AIS caused by isolated anterior circulation large artery occlusion and that were obtained within 24 hours after onset were reviewed.

Differentiating the Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 1 Inhibition Capacity of Canagliflozin vs. Dapagliflozin and Empagliflozin Using Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Modeling.

The aim of this research was to differentiate dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and canagliflozin based on their capacity to inhibit sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 1 and 2 in patients with type 2 diabetes using a previously developed quantitative systems pharmacology model of renal glucose filtration, reabsorption, and excretion. The analysis was based on pooled, mean study-level data on 24-hour urinary glucose excretion, average daily plasma glucose, and estimated glomerular filtration rate collected from phase I and II clinical trials of SGLT2 inhibitors. Variations in filtered glucose across clinical studies were shown to drive the apparent differences in the glucosuria dose-response relationships among the gliflozins.

Study of the interactions of a novel monoclonal antibody, mAb059c, with the hPD-1 receptor.

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies have been approved by regulatory agencies for the treatment of various types of cancer, and the mechanism involves the restoration of T cell functions. We report herein the X-ray crystal structure of a fully human monoclonal antibody mAb059c fragment antigen-binding (Fab) in complex with the PD-1 extracellular domain (ECD) at a resolution of 1.70 Å.

Convergences of Life Sciences and Engineering in Understanding and Treating Heart Failure.

On March 1 and 2, 2018, the National Institutes of Health 2018 Progenitor Cell Translational Consortium, Cardiovascular Bioengineering Symposium, was held at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Convergence of life sciences and engineering to advance the understanding and treatment of heart failure was the theme of the meeting. Over 150 attendees were present, and >40 scientists presented their latest work on engineering human functional myocardium for disease modeling, drug development, and heart failure research.

Loss of Gut Microbiota Alters Immune System Composition and Cripples Postinfarction Cardiac Repair.

Background: The impact of gut microbiota on the regulation of host physiology has recently garnered considerable attention, particularly in key areas such as the immune system and metabolism. These areas are also crucial for the pathophysiology of and repair after myocardial infarction (MI). However, the role of the gut microbiota in the context of MI remains to be fully elucidated.

Urinary glucose excretion after dapagliflozin treatment: An exposure-response modelling comparison between Japanese and non-Japanese patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: To assess the dapagliflozin exposure-response relationship in Japanese and non-Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and investigate if a dose adjustment is required in Japanese patients.

Materials And Methods: Data from two clinical studies were used to develop a non-linear mixed effects model describing the relationship between dapagliflozin exposure (area under the concentration curve) and response (24-hour urinary glucose excretion [UGE]) in Japanese and non-Japanese patients with T1DM. The effects of patient-level characteristics (covariates; identified using a stepwise procedure) on response was also assessed.

Treating Subthreshold Depression in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Behavioral Activation With Mindfulness.

Purpose: We undertook a randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of group-based behavioral activation with mindfulness (BAM) for treating subthreshold depression in primary care in Hong Kong.

Methods: We recruited adult patients aged 18 years or older with subthreshold depression from public primary care clinics and randomly assigned them to a BAM intervention group or a usual care group. The BAM group was provided with eight 2-hour weekly BAM sessions by trained allied health care workers.

Liver Iron Quantification with MR Imaging: A Primer for Radiologists.

Iron overload is a systemic disorder and is either primary (genetic) or secondary (exogenous iron administration). Primary iron overload is most commonly associated with hereditary hemochromatosis and secondary iron overload with ineffective erythropoiesis (predominantly caused by β-thalassemia major and sickle cell disease) that requires long-term transfusion therapy, leading to transfusional hemosiderosis. Iron overload may lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, in addition to cardiac and endocrine complications.