Multiomics dissection of human RAG deficiency reveals distinctive patterns of immune dysregulation but a common inflammatory signature.

Human recombination-activating gene (RAG) deficiency can manifest with distinct clinical and immunological phenotypes. By applying a multiomics approach to a large group of -mutated patients, we aimed at characterizing the immunopathology associated with each phenotype. Although defective T and B cell development is common to all phenotypes, patients with hypomorphic variants can generate T and B cells with signatures of immune dysregulation and produce autoantibodies to a broad range of self-antigens, including type I interferons.

Does discrimination prevent transgender and gender diverse people from seeking healthcare?: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea.

Introduction: Using Asia's first nationwide cohort dataset, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of anti-transgender discrimination and healthcare avoidance and delay (HAD) and examine their associations among transgender and gender diverse (TGD) adults in South Korea.

Methods: We analyzed a two-wave (2020-2021) longitudinal dataset of 190 Korean TGD adults. Anti-transgender discrimination were classified accordingly: experienced at (1) neither wave, (2) baseline (2020) only, (3) follow-up (2021) only, and (4) both waves.

Impact of different corticosteroids on severe community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated conflicting results regarding the effects of corticosteroids on the treatment of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of different corticosteroids on patients who were hospitalised for severe CAP.

Methods: We performed a systematic search through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to May 2023.

Stratifying non-small cell lung cancer patients using an inverse of the treatment decision rules: validation using electronic health records with application to an administrative database.

Background: To validate a stratification method using an inverse of treatment decision rules that can classify non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in real-world treatment records.

Methods: (1) To validate the index classifier against the TNM 7th edition, we analyzed electronic health records of NSCLC patients diagnosed from 2011 to 2015 in a tertiary referral hospital in Seoul, Korea. Predictive accuracy, stage-specific sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, F1 score, and c-statistic were measured.

Association between discrimination and poor sleep health outcomes among 2192 South Korean gay, lesbian, and bisexual adults: A nationwide cross-sectional survey.

Objective: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of poor sleep health outcomes and examine the associations between experiences of discrimination and the sleep health outcomes among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults in Korea.

Design & Setting: The study used data from Rainbow Connection Project I, a nationwide cross-sectional survey of Korean LGB adults, conducted via online in 2016.

Measurements: Participants were asked about experiences of anti-LGB discrimination and discrimination based on other characteristics (ie, gender, age, place of origin, nationality/race, religion, appearance including height and weight, disability status, and other) in the past 12 months.

Discrimination keeps transgender people awake at night: A nationwide cross-sectional survey of 583 transgender adults in South Korea.

Objectives: We sought to investigate the association between transgender identity discrimination and sleep problems among transgender people in South Korea (hereafter, Korea), and whether family support for transgender identity plays a protective role in the association.

Design & Setting: We analyzed a nationwide cross-sectional survey of 583 Korean transgender adults which was anonymously conducted through an online platform.

Measurements: Transgender identity discrimination was assessed using a single-item question.

Internalized homophobia and HIV testing among Korean gay and bisexual men: a study in a high-income country with pervasive HIV/AIDS stigma.

Limited research has been conducted on factors contributing to HIV testing among sexual minority populations in South Korea (hereafter, Korea), where stigma against homosexuality and HIV/AIDS is pervasive. We used a nationwide cross-sectional survey of 907 Korean cisgender gay and bisexual (GB) men who were HIV-negative or HIV-unknown in 2016. Regarding internalized homophobia (IHP), participants were categorized into tertiles (low, moderate, and high).

Expectation of Rejection and Its Association with Health Care Avoidance and Delay Among 2175 Korean Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey.

The study examined an association between expectation of rejection and health care avoidance and delay (HAD) among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults in South Korea. We analyzed data from a nationwide cross-sectional survey of 2175 South Korean LGB adults, which was approved by the Korea University Institutional Review Board. We categorized expectation of rejection into tertiles ("low," "medium," and "high" levels) and investigated its association with past 12-month HAD using multivariate modified Poisson regression.

Transgender-specific COVID-19-related stressors and their association with depressive symptoms among transgender adults: A nationwide cross-sectional survey in South Korea.

Introduction: COVID-19 has disproportionately impacted marginalized groups, including transgender populations, reproducing and exacerbating inequalities and vulnerabilities that existed in those groups prior to the pandemic. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of transgender-specific COVID-19-related stressors and their association with depressive symptoms among South Korean transgender adults.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study of 564 South Korean transgender adults (trans women, trans men, and nonbinary people) from October 7 to October 31, 2020.

Does Discrimination Affect Whether Transgender People Avoid or Delay Healthcare?: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Survey in South Korea.

This study examined the association between perceived discrimination and healthcare avoidance and delay (HAD) among transgender adults in South Korea (hereafter Korea). We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey of 244 Korean transgender adults in 2017. Discrimination within the last 12 months was categorized into four groups based on the reason(s) of discrimination experienced: (1) 'never experienced' discrimination, (2) 'only due to transgender identity,' (3) 'due to reason(s) other than transgender identity,' and (4) 'due to both transgender identity and other reason(s).

Intestinal microbiology shapes population health impacts of diet and lifestyle risk exposures in Torres Strait Islander communities.

Poor diet and lifestyle exposures are implicated in substantial global increases in non-communicable disease burden in low-income, remote, and Indigenous communities. This observational study investigated the contribution of the fecal microbiome to influence host physiology in two Indigenous communities in the Torres Strait Islands: Mer, a remote island where a traditional diet predominates, and Waiben a more accessible island with greater access to takeaway food and alcohol. Counterintuitively, disease markers were more pronounced in Mer residents.

Infarcted Myocardium-Primed Dendritic Cells Improve Remodeling and Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction by Modulating the Regulatory T Cell and Macrophage Polarization.

Background: Inflammatory responses play a critical role in left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) can modulate immune responses, inducing regulatory T cells in a number of inflammatory diseases.

Methods: We generated tDCs by treating bone marrow-derived dendritic cells with tumor necrosis factor-α and cardiac lysate from MI mice.

Increased Aortic Calcification Is Associated With Arterial Stiffness Progression in Multiethnic Middle-Aged Men.

Arterial stiffness is established as an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The objective was to prospectively evaluate association of aortic calcification burden with progression of arterial stiffness in population-based samples of healthy middle-aged men from ERA JUMP cohort (Electron-Beam Computed Tomography and Risk Factor Assessment in Japanese and US Men in the Post-World War II Birth Cohort). Men (n=635) aged 40 to 49 years (207 white American, 45 black American, 142 Japanese American, and 241 Japanese in Japan) were examined at baseline and 4 to 7 years later.

Subprosthetic Pannus after Aortic Valve Replacement Surgery: Cardiac CT Findings and Clinical Features.

Purpose: To investigate the cardiac computed tomographic (CT) findings and clinical implications of subprosthetic pannus in patients who have undergone aortic valve replacement.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study, and the need to obtain written informed consent was waived. From April 2011 to March 2012, 88 patients (mean age, 63 years; 45 men) with a prosthetic aortic valve who underwent cardiac CT were retrospectively selected.

Trial of everolimus-eluting stents or bypass surgery for coronary disease.

Background: Most trials comparing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) have not made use of second-generation drug-eluting stents.

Methods: We conducted a randomized noninferiority trial at 27 centers in East Asia. We planned to randomly assign 1776 patients with multivessel coronary artery disease to PCI with everolimus-eluting stents or to CABG.

IL-4 confers resistance to IL-27-mediated suppression on CD4+ T cells by impairing signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling.

Background: TH2 cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Established TH2 cells have been shown to resist reprogramming into TH1 cells. The inherent stability of TH2 cells poses a significant barrier to treating allergic diseases.