Evaluation of interventions to reduce multiply controlled vocal stereotypy.

This study examined four interventions targeted at decreasing multiply controlled vocal stereotypy for a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and a severe intellectual disability. These interventions included Noncontingent Music, Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors, Self-Recording, and Functional Communication Training (FCT). In addition to measuring vocal stereotypy during each condition, task engagement and challenging behavior were also monitored.

[Funding of research projects--the importance of foundations].

Objective: Without outside funding, scientific research would widely stagnate. Funding of research projects by German foundations was analysed and specified for different medical disciplines.

Methods: The analysis based on the following sources: Handbuch der Wissenschaftspreise und Forschungsstipendien, Forschungshandbuch "Hochschul- und wissenschaftsfördernde Institutionen und Programme", Deutsches Arzteblatt 2000, the internet and the CD-ROM "Verzeichnis Deutscher Stiftungen".

Short- and long-term survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Background: The objective was to evaluate the effect of patient characteristics and other factors on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) survival, hospital discharge survival and function, and long-term survival.

Methods: All patients 18 years and older experiencing in-hospital CPR from December 1983 through November 1991 at Marshfield Medical Center (Marshfield Clinic and adjoining St Joseph's Hospital), Marshfield, Wis, were selected. We performed a retrospective medical record review and augmented these data with updated vital status information.

Basketball injuries in a rural area.

This study was conducted to determine the frequency and nature of basketball injuries occurring in a rural setting. More than 6000 patients with sports-related injuries presented to a rural emergency department between June 1, 1988 and June 1, 1994. Of these patients, 1189 (19% of the total) were injured playing basketball.