Cumin Seed Oil Induces Oxidative Stress-Based Antifungal Activities on .

In this study, the antifungal activity of cumin seed oil (CSO) was tested on . (i) Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and related concentrations (IC, IC, and IC) were detected; (ii) toxicity was evaluated by a water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 (WST-1) assay; (iii) genomic/epigenomic alterations were evaluated by the coupled restriction enzyme digestion-random amplification (CRED-RA) method; (iv) oxidative stress was investigated by expression, catalase activity, and DCF-DA staining; (v) deoxynivalenol biosynthesis was evaluated by expression; (vi) and potential effects of CSO on wheat were tested by a water loss rate (WLR) assay. MIC, IC, IC and IC values were detected at 0.

Population structure and genetic diversity of from southwestern Russia and the Russian Far East as compared with northern Europe and North America.

Genetic variation at variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) markers was used to assess population structure and diversity among 296 isolates from northern Europe (Finland, northwestern Russia, and Norway), southern Europe (southwestern and western Russia), and Asia (Siberia and the Russian Far East). We identified at least two highly differentiated and geographically structured genetic populations (E1 and E2) in Eurasia (Φ = 0.35).

Fumonisins in African Countries.

Maize and other cereals are the commodities most contaminated with fumonisins. The maize acreage is increasing in Africa, and the maize harvest provides important foods for humans and feeds for domestic animals throughout the continent. In North Africa, high levels of fumonisins have been reported from Algeria and Morocco, while low levels have been detected in the rather few fumonisin analyses reported from Tunisia and Egypt.

Single-step noncompetitive immunocomplex immunoassay for rapid aflatoxin detection.

Owing to the high carcinogenicity of aflatoxins, these toxic secondary metabolites pose a severe risk to human and animal health and can have major economic implications. Herein, we report the development of a noncompetitive immunoassay for aflatoxins based on a monoclonal capture antibody and a unique anti-immunocomplex (anti-IC) antibody fragment (scFv) isolated from a synthetic antibody repertoire. The anti-IC scFv recognizes the immunocomplex and enables the development of noncompetitive sandwich-type assays despite the small size of the analyte.

Biocontrol of , a Causal Agent of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat, and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation: From to .

Crop diseases caused by Fusarium graminearum threaten crop production in both commercial and smallholder farming. F. graminearum produces deoxynivalenol mycotoxin, which is stable during food and feed processing.