Pathophysiology of Motor Control Abnormalities in Parkinson's Disease.

Research in the last few decades has brought us closer to an understanding of the brain circuit abnormalities that underlie parkinsonian motor signs. This article summarizes the current knowledge in this rapidly emerging field. Traditional observations of activity changes of basal ganglia neurons that accompany akinesia and bradykinesia have been supplemented with new knowledge regarding specific pathophysiologic changes that are associated with other parkinsonian signs, such as tremor and gait impairments.

Decreased cellular excitability of pyramidal tract neurons in primary motor cortex leads to paradoxically increased network activity in simulated parkinsonian motor cortex.

Decreased excitability of pyramidal tract neurons in layer 5B (PT5B) of primary motor cortex (M1) has recently been shown in a dopamine-depleted mouse model of parkinsonism. We hypothesized that decreased PT5B neuron excitability would substantially disrupt oscillatory and non-oscillatory firing patterns of neurons in layer 5 (L5) of primary motor cortex (M1). To test this hypothesis, we performed computer simulations using a previously validated computer model of mouse M1.

Admission levels of serum biomarkers have additive and cumulative prognostic value in traumatic brain injury.

Elevated levels of CNS-derived serum proteins are associated with poor outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the value of adding acute serum biomarker levels to common clinical outcome predictors lacks evaluation. We analyzed admission serum samples for Total-Tau (T-Tau), Neurofilament light chain (Nfl), Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) in a cohort of 396 trauma patients including 240 patients with TBI. We assessed the independent association of biomarkers with 1-year mortality and 6-12 months Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) score, as well as the additive and cumulative value of biomarkers on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Marshall Score for outcome prediction.

Cryoneurolysis versus radiofrequency ablation outcome on pain experience in chronic low back pain (COPE): a single-blinded randomised controlled trial.

Objective: A comparison of cryoneurolysis or radio frequency (RF) with placebo in patients with facetogenic chronic low back pain (LBP) for patient global impression of change (PGIC), pain intensity, function and quality of life, with 1-year follow-up.

Design: Single-centre, single-blinded placebo-controlled randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Single-centre study.