Australian parental decisions about transitioning children from booster seats in a randomised trial: greater support may be needed.

Background: Premature graduation to an adult seatbelt is common and detrimental to optimal crash protection. While there is an existing tool (the ) to support a parent's decision to graduate their child, its effectiveness is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the .

The effects of postural support padding modifications to child restraints for children with disability on crash protection.

Objective: Many children with physical disabilities need additional postural support when sitting and supplementary padding is used on standards approved child restraints to achieve this when traveling in a motor vehicle. However, the effect of this padding on crash protection for a child is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of additional padding for postural support on crash protection for child occupants in forward facing child restraints.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Wall-Associated Kinase (WAK) Gene Family in L.

Wall-associated kinases (WAKs) are receptors that bind pectin or small pectic fragments in the cell wall and play roles in cell elongation and pathogen response. In the (Cs) genome, 53 CsWAK/CsWAKL (WAK-like) protein family members were identified and characterized; their amino acid lengths and molecular weights varied from 582 to 983, and from 65.6 to 108.

Comparative analysis of off-road vehicle crashes in children: motorcycles versus quad bikes.

Objective: To characterise and compare off-road motorcycle and quad bike crashes in children in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed of children aged 0-16 years, admitted to hospitals in NSW, from 2001 to 2018 following an injury sustained in an off-road motorcycle or quad bike crash, using linked hospital admissions, mortality and census data.Motorcycle and quad bike injuries were compared regarding: demographics; incidence; body region injured and type of injury; injury severity based on the survival risk ratio; length of stay and mortality.

Mitigating fuel tank syndrome pelvic injuries - is there potential for rider worn protectors?

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of rider-worn pelvis protection for mitigating injury risk when contacting the motorcycle fuel tank in a crash.

Methods: A newly developed test apparatus was designed and constructed to simulate the interaction between a rider's pelvis and the motorcycle fuel tank in a frontal crash. Impacts were performed at a velocity of 18 km/h into four motorcycle fuel tanks.