Loss of Stim2 in zebrafish induces glaucoma-like phenotype.

Calcium is involved in vision processes in the retina and implicated in various pathologies, including glaucoma. Rod cells rely on store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) to safeguard against the prolonged lowering of intracellular calcium ion concentrations. Zebrafish that lacked the endoplasmic reticulum Ca sensor Stim2 (stim2 knockout [KO]) exhibited impaired vision and lower light perception-related gene expression.

TENT5 cytoplasmic noncanonical poly(A) polymerases regulate the innate immune response in animals.

Innate immunity is the first line of host defense against pathogens. Here, through global transcriptome and proteome analyses, we uncover that newly described cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase TENT-5 (terminal nucleotidyltransferase 5) enhances the expression of secreted innate immunity effector proteins in . Direct RNA sequencing revealed that multiple mRNAs with signal peptide-encoding sequences have shorter poly(A) tails in -deficient worms.

Neuronal calcium signaling via store-operated channels in health and disease.

Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is the flow of calcium ions (Ca) into cells in response to the depletion of intracellular Ca stores that reside predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The role of SOCE has been relatively well understood for non-excitable cells. It is mediated mostly by the ER Ca sensor STIM1 and plasma membrane Ca channel Orai1 and serves to sustain Ca signaling and refill ER Ca stores.

Knockdown of amyloid precursor protein increases calcium levels in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by mutations in the genes that encode amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilins. Disturbances in calcium homeostasis have been observed in various cellular and animal models of AD and are proposed to underlie the pathogenesis of the disease. Furthermore, wildtype presenilins were shown to regulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium homeostasis, although their precise mechanism of action remains controversial.