Prefrontal cortex activities during verbal fluency and emotional words tasks in major depressive, adjustment, and bipolar disorders with depressive states.

Background: It can be difficult to differentiate psychiatric disorders from depressive states, with little knowledge on how to differentiate them. This study aimed to evaluate changes in brain activity during cognitive and emotional tasks in patients with depressive state to help with differential diagnoses.

Methods: Sixty-two patients with depressive states [17 with adjustment disorder (AD), 27 with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 18 with bipolar disorder (BD)] and 34 healthy controls (HC) were recruited.

Coverage with Evidence Development Programs for Medical Technologies in Asia-Pacific Regions: A Case Study of Japan and South Korea.

In this article, the operational characteristics of coverage with evidence development (CED) programs in Asia-Pacific regions, focusing on two countries-Japan and South Korea-are reviewed. Both countries recommended the introduction of CED to overcome the barrier of lack of robust clinical evidence in the early stages of the introduction of a medical technology. However, each country has a unique approach to CED implementation that reflects the differences in establishment and healthcare and policy environments.

Magnetic Friedel Oscillation at the Fe(001) Surface: Direct Observation by Atomic-Layer-Resolved Synchrotron Radiation ^{57}Fe Mössbauer Spectroscopy.

The surface magnetism of Fe(001) was studied in an atomic layer-by-layer fashion by using the in situ iron-57 probe layer method with a synchrotron Mössbauer source. The observed internal hyperfine field H_{int} exhibits a marked decrease at the surface and an oscillatory behavior with increasing depth in the individual upper four layers below the surface. The calculated layer-depth dependencies of the effective hyperfine field |H_{eff}|, isomer shift δ, and quadrupole shift 2ϵ agree well with the observed experimental parameters.

X-ray microscope for imaging topological charge and orbital angular momentum distribution formed by chirality.

The distribution of topological charges on X-ray vortices was measured by differential Fourier space filtering microscope, differential radial Hilbert transform microscope. It was experimentally verified for the first time using a Spiral Fresnel zone plate objective lens. This X-ray microscope is highly sensitive to X-ray topological defects, such as edges and vortices, at the exit-face wave field of objects.