CIROZ is dispensable in ancestral vertebrates but essential for left-right patterning in humans.

Four genes-DAND5, PKD1L1, MMP21, and CIROP-form a genetic module that has specifically evolved in vertebrate species that harbor motile cilia in their left-right organizer (LRO). We find here that CIROZ (previously known as C1orf127) is also specifically expressed in the LRO of mice, frogs, and fish, where it encodes a protein with a signal peptide followed by 3 zona pellucida N domains, consistent with extracellular localization. We report 16 individuals from 10 families with bi-allelic CIROZ inactivation variants, which cause heterotaxy with congenital heart defects.

Cellular morphodynamics and signaling around the transcellular passage cleft during rhizobial infections of legume roots.

Legume roots allow intracellular infections of rhizobia to establish the mutualistic root nodule symbiosis. During this colonization event, specialized and membrane-defined infection threads provide the host-controlled path for the bacteria through the multilayered root tissue to reach a newly developing organ, the root nodule. On this way, bacteria have to propagate transcellularly and thus overcome cell wall barriers.

Effects of parity and early pregnancy on peripheral blood leukocytes in dairy cattle.

Subfertility remains a major problem in the dairy industry. Only 35% to 40% of high-yielding dairy cows and 55% to 65% of nonlactating heifers become pregnant after their first service. The immune system plays a critical role in the establishment of pregnancy.

A Review and Tutorial on Machine Learning-Enabled Radar-Based Biomedical Monitoring.

Radio detection and ranging-based (radar) sensing offers unique opportunities for biomedical monitoring and can help overcome the limitations of currently established solutions. Due to its contactless and unobtrusive measurement principle, it can facilitate the longitudinal recording of human physiology and can help to bridge the gap from laboratory to real-world assessments. However, radar sensors typically yield complex and multidimensional data that are hard to interpret without domain expertise.