Development of a three-point cantilever bending technique to study the mechanical properties of hair styling ingredients.

Background: The mechanical properties of hair treated with styling ingredients is an important aspect to determine if products will be efficacious when used by the consumer. Measurement techniques have been proposed in earlier work; however, these are mostly aimed at hairspray systems and not the myriad of styling products available to the modern-day consumer.

Aim: In this article, experimental and data analysis guidelines are proposed for the evaluation of styling ingredients using a three-point cantilever bending technique.

Hydrophobically Modified Isosorbide Dimethacrylates as a Bisphenol-A (BPA)-Free Dental Filling Material.

A series of bio-based hydrophobically modified isosorbide dimethacrylates, with , , and benzoate aromatic spacers (ISBGBMA), are synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as potential dental restorative resins. The new monomers, isosorbide 2,5-bis(4-glyceryloxybenzoate) dimethacrylate (ISB4GBMA), isosorbide 2,5-bis(3-glyceryloxybenzoate) dimethacrylate (ISB3GBMA), and isosorbide 2,5-bis(2-glyceryloxybenzoate) dimethacrylate (ISB2GBMA), are mixed with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and photopolymerized. The resulting polymers are evaluated for the degree of monomeric conversion, polymerization shrinkage, water sorption, glass transition temperature, and flexural strength.

Evaluation of the surface properties of hair with acoustic emission analysis.

Objective: The tactile sensation of hair is an important consumer-perceivable attribute. There are limited instrumental options to measure the haptic properties of hair. In this study, we introduce a novel technique using the acoustic emissions produced when skin comes in contact with dry hair in a stroking motion.

Investigating Film Properties of Polymers Used in Anhydrous Sunscreen Formulations Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): Polymer/Polymer Interactions and Their Relation to Vapor Transmission.

A mechanistic understanding of the role of polymers in waterproofing anhydrous sunscreen formulations has been hypothesized in the past, but has never been clearly established. In this article, we demonstrate the utility of field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to generate images of sunscreen films in the presence and absence of several polymers. VA/butyl maleate/isobornyl acrylate copolymer was studied alone and in combination with hydroxypropyl cellulose and acrylates/dimethicone copolymer.

Probing the textures of composite skin care formulations using large amplitude oscillatory shear.

Identifying meaningful and measurable rheological parameters that shadow the dynamic shear stresses sustained in the initial application and subsequent spreading of structured cosmetic formulations onto the skin is quite challenging. When applied to non-Newtonian soft solids, traditional oscillatory rheological testing tends to best correlate with the “at-rest” state, or, more fundamentally, with the initial and thermodynamically reversible perturbations in the physiochemical networking that binds components of the amalgamated microstructure. In addition, after yielding, as an applied film is further thinned while spreading on the skin surface, shear rates during flow processes may rapidly and dynamically increase to 10⁴ s⁻¹ , which is a magnitude that is not practically simulated with a standard rotational rheometer.