Identification of the Key Aroma Compounds in Condensed Hardwood Smoke.

The aroma composition of condensed hardwood smoke generated from a mixed hardwood was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry analysis. Twenty-seven odorants with a flavor dilution value ≥4 were identified and quantified, revealing 19 compounds reported with an odor activity value >1 at a 0.3% dosage level.

Prognostic Implications of Magee Equation 3 and Residual Cancer Burden in Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Hormone Receptor-Positive HER2-Negative Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) presents significant molecular heterogeneity, complicating prognosis and treatment strategies. Although molecular testing enhances our understanding of BC, high costs can limit accessibility in certain health care settings. This retrospective cohort study evaluates the prognostic value of Magee equation 3 (ME3) and residual cancer burden (RCB) in patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative BC treated at the Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo from January 2011 to January 2024.

Astrocytes initiate autophagic flux and maintain cell viability after internalizing non-active native extracellular α-synuclein.

Astrocytes are tasked with regulating the synaptic environment. Early stages of various neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by synapse loss, and astrocytic atrophy and dysfunction has been proposed as a possible cause. α-Synuclein (αS) is a highly expressed neuronal protein located in the synapse that can be released in the extracellular space.

Extended reality training for mass casualty incidents: a systematic review on effectiveness and experience of medical first responders.

Introduction: Mass casualty incidents (MCI) are unforeseeable and complex events that occur worldwide, therefore enhancing the training that medical first responders (MFRs) receive is fundamental to strengthening disaster preparedness and response. In recent years, extended reality (XR) technology has been introduced as a new approach and promising teaching technique for disaster medicine education.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of XR simulation as a tool to train MFRs in MCIs, and to explore the perception and experience of participants to these new forms of training.