Exploring the Immunomodulatory Aspect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Severe Coronavirus Disease 19.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped, positive sense, single stranded RNA (+ssRNA) virus, belonging to the genus Betacoronavirus and family Coronaviridae. It is primarily transmitted from infected persons to healthy ones through inhalation of virus-laden respiratory droplets. After an average incubation period of 2-14 days, the majority of infected individuals remain asymptomatic and/or mildly symptomatic, whereas the remaining individuals manifest a myriad of clinical symptoms, including fever, sore throat, dry cough, fatigue, chest pain, and breathlessness.

Advances in Smoking Related In Vitro Inhalation Toxicology: A Perspective Case of Challenges and Opportunities from Progresses in Lung-on-Chip Technologies.

The inhalation toxicology of multifaceted particulate matter from the environment, cigarette smoke, and e-cigarette liquid vapes is a major research topic concerning the adverse effect of these items on lung tissue. In vitro air-liquid interface (ALI) culture models hold more potential in an inhalation toxicity assessment. Apropos to e-cigarette toxicity, the multiflavor components of the vapes pose a complex experimental bottleneck.

Cross Talk Between Renal Transporters and Polycystin-1 as a Potential Molecular Target Involved in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.

Introduction: The mutational changes in Polycystin-1(PC-1) encoded by PKD1 gene is the main cause of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The pathological changes in renal epithelial cells and multiple cyst formation occur due to activation of cascade of signalling pathways and membrane renal transporters (RTs). Our study have focused on the identification, of different RTs, their interactions with Polycystin-1 and other selected target proteins to find out their role in pathogenesis.

Challenges in assessing change in autistic adults: scale limitations and discrepancies in reporting in clinical trials.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder marked by deficits in social communication and social interaction, together with restricted and/or repetitive patterns of behaviours, activities or interests. As more adults are being diagnosed with ASD, and more diagnosed children are aging into adulthood, the need for effective treatments and support services for autistic adults is quickly growing. As such, clinical research targeting autistic adults has emerged in recent years.

The Future of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders: A Research Perspective.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) sits at the epicenter of a spectrum of related conditions (often referred to as obsessive-compulsive related disorders (OCRD) or obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSD)) that can be as disabling as they are varied in presentation. Research in the field now encompasses diverse disciplines ranging from inflammatory mechanisms to computational psychiatry, to neurocognitive endophenotypes to functional imaging to pharmacogenomics to brain stimulation approaches. As these disorders become more clearly elucidated, there is a need to continually re-evaluate the implications of research findings and to incorporate these findings into new treatment approaches that benefit both patients and clinicians.